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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
- To synthesize proteins from mRNA.
- To replicate the entire DNA strand.
- To add a protective cap to the DNA strand.
- To catalyze the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template. (correct)
Which event signals the beginning of transcription?
Which event signals the beginning of transcription?
- The detachment of RNA polymerase from the DNA.
- The binding of mRNA to a ribosome.
- The binding of RNA polymerase to a promoter region on the DNA. (correct)
- The pairing of tRNA with mRNA.
Why is the addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail important for mRNA?
Why is the addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail important for mRNA?
- To facilitate the transcription process within the nucleus.
- To protect the mRNA from degradation and enhance translation efficiency. (correct)
- To prevent the mRNA from binding to ribosomes.
- To ensure the mRNA is degraded immediately after synthesis.
If a DNA sequence reads 5'-GATTACA-3', what would be the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?
If a DNA sequence reads 5'-GATTACA-3', what would be the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?
What potential consequence can arise from errors during the transcription process?
What potential consequence can arise from errors during the transcription process?
Where does the mRNA molecule go after it has been processed?
Where does the mRNA molecule go after it has been processed?
Which of the following is NOT directly involved in the transcription process?
Which of the following is NOT directly involved in the transcription process?
What is the role of the promoter region in transcription?
What is the role of the promoter region in transcription?
How does mRNA differ structurally from DNA?
How does mRNA differ structurally from DNA?
What is the immediate product of transcription?
What is the immediate product of transcription?
Which of the following sequences represents a typical eukaryotic promoter region?
Which of the following sequences represents a typical eukaryotic promoter region?
What event occurs during mRNA processing after transcription?
What event occurs during mRNA processing after transcription?
What is the ultimate destination of mRNA after it leaves the nucleus?
What is the ultimate destination of mRNA after it leaves the nucleus?
How does the genetic code carried by mRNA relate to protein synthesis?
How does the genetic code carried by mRNA relate to protein synthesis?
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during transcription?
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during transcription?
Why is it essential for mRNA to be processed before it leaves the nucleus?
Why is it essential for mRNA to be processed before it leaves the nucleus?
What would occur if the promoter region of a gene is mutated?
What would occur if the promoter region of a gene is mutated?
Which base pairing rule is followed during the transcription of DNA to mRNA?
Which base pairing rule is followed during the transcription of DNA to mRNA?
How does the length of the poly-A tail affect mRNA?
How does the length of the poly-A tail affect mRNA?
What is the main difference in location between transcription and translation in eukaryotic cells?
What is the main difference in location between transcription and translation in eukaryotic cells?
Flashcards
Transcription
Transcription
The process where a DNA segment is copied into mRNA.
RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Enzyme that binds to DNA and synthesizes mRNA.
Promoter
Promoter
DNA region where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.
5' cap and poly-A tail
5' cap and poly-A tail
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mRNA
mRNA
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Transcription errors
Transcription errors
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Study Notes
- Transcription is the first step in gene expression.
- A specific segment of DNA is copied into mRNA by RNA polymerase.
- RNA polymerase binds to a promoter region on the DNA, initiating the unzipping of the double helix.
- Complementary RNA nucleotides pair with the exposed DNA bases, forming a single-stranded mRNA molecule.
- The mRNA strand undergoes processing, including the addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail, before it exits the nucleus.
- mRNA carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosome.
- The genetic code carried to the ribosome is then translated into a protein.
- Errors during transcription can lead to mutations, which may affect protein synthesis.
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