10 Questions
What are the two types of RNA molecules produced during transcription?
messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
What percentage of total RNA samples does mRNA comprise?
mRNA comprises only 1–3% of total RNA samples.
What is the role of RNA polymerase during transcription?
RNA polymerase reads a DNA sequence and produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript.
What are the two types of nucleic acids involved in transcription?
Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
mRNA = Encodes proteins ncRNA = Non-coding RNA molecules DNA and RNA = Nucleic acids using base pairs of nucleotides RNA polymerase = Produces a complementary RNA strand during transcription
Match the following statements with the correct percentages:
mRNA in total RNA samples = 1-3% Human genome transcribed into mRNA = <2% Mammalian genomic DNA transcribed = At least 80% ncRNA in the majority of genomic DNA = 80%
Match the following steps of transcription with their descriptions:
RNA polymerase binding to promoter DNA = Initiation of transcription Production of a primary transcript = Result of RNA polymerase reading DNA sequence Use of general transcription factors = Assistance to RNA polymerase during transcription Complementary, antiparallel RNA strand = Result of RNA polymerase action during transcription
Match the following nucleic acid terms with their roles:
DNA = Source of the sequence read during transcription RNA = Result of transcription process Base pairs of nucleotides = Complementary language used by nucleic acids mRNA = Product that encodes proteins
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Transcription = Process of copying DNA into RNA mRNA = RNA encoding proteins ncRNA = RNA molecules that are non-coding RNA polymerase = Enzyme that reads DNA sequence during transcription
Study Notes
Transcription
- Transcription is the process of creating a complementary RNA copy from a DNA template.
- Two types of RNA molecules produced during transcription are messenger RNA (mRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
RNA Composition
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) comprises only about 5% of total RNA samples.
RNA Polymerase
- RNA polymerase is the primary enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA during transcription.
Nucleic Acids Involved
- The two types of nucleic acids involved in transcription are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Transcription Steps
- Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to DNA at a specific region called the promoter site.
- Elongation: RNA polymerase reads the DNA template, adding nucleotides to the growing RNA chain.
- Termination: Transcription ends when the RNA polymerase reaches a specific sequence called the terminator.
Nucleic Acid Roles
- DNA: Provides the template for transcription, stores genetic information.
- RNA: Temporary copy of genetic information, used in protein synthesis.
Key Terms
- Transcription: Process of creating a complementary RNA copy from a DNA template.
- RNA polymerase: Primary enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA during transcription.
Test your knowledge of transcription and RNA by taking this quiz. Explore the different types of RNA molecules and understand the significance of messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the process.
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