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Questions and Answers
What is the role of exons in mRNA processing?
What is the role of exons in mRNA processing?
What is the composition of each ribosomal subunit?
What is the composition of each ribosomal subunit?
Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?
Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?
What happens during Metaphase 2 of meiosis?
What happens during Metaphase 2 of meiosis?
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What occurs during the light reaction in chloroplasts?
What occurs during the light reaction in chloroplasts?
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What is the function of exons in mRNA processing?
What is the function of exons in mRNA processing?
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What is the composition of each ribosomal subunit?
What is the composition of each ribosomal subunit?
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What occurs during Anaphase 2 of meiosis?
What occurs during Anaphase 2 of meiosis?
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Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?
Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?
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What happens during the light reaction in chloroplasts?
What happens during the light reaction in chloroplasts?
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Study Notes
Transcription and mRNA Processing
- Information encoded in DNA is made into a complementary RNA copy through transcription.
- Eukaryotic mRNAs undergo post-transcriptional modifications, including:
- Addition of a 5' prime guanine cap by a capping enzyme to protect the mRNA from degradation and facilitate translation.
- Addition of a poly-A tail by poly-A polymerase to enhance translation efficiency.
- mRNA splicing occurs through the action of a spliceosome, which removes introns and joins exons.
- The difference between pre-mRNA and mature mRNA lies in the presence of introns, which are removed during splicing to produce a translatable mRNA.
mRNA Structure and Function
- The guanine cap at the 5' end of the mRNA protects it from degradation and facilitates translation.
- The poly-A tail at the 3' end of the mRNA enhances translation efficiency.
- Mature mRNA is translated by ribosomes to produce a protein product.
RNA Interference (RNAi)
- RNAi is a mechanism of gene expression regulation that involves the silencing of specific genes.
- miRNA is a type of RNA that plays a key role in RNAi, acting as a direct silencer of specific genes.
Ribosome Structure and Function
- The ribosome is composed of a large and small subunit.
- The ribosome attaches to the mRNA and reads the sequence of nucleotides to produce a protein product.
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Description
Test your knowledge of transcription and RNA processing with this quiz. Explore concepts such as RNA synthesis, mRNA modifications, splicing, and more.
