10 Questions
What is the role of exons in mRNA processing?
Exons enable the cleavage of pre-mRNA and join to release mature mRNA
What is the composition of each ribosomal subunit?
rRNA and ribosomal proteins
Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?
Ribosome
What happens during Metaphase 2 of meiosis?
Replicated chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
What occurs during the light reaction in chloroplasts?
Light is absorbed and electrons help create energy gradients
What is the function of exons in mRNA processing?
Exons enable the cleavage of pre-mRNA to release the mature mRNA
What is the composition of each ribosomal subunit?
Each subunit is made up of rRNA and ribosomal proteins
What occurs during Anaphase 2 of meiosis?
Sister chromatids separate to form individual chromosomes
Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?
Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis throughout the cell
What happens during the light reaction in chloroplasts?
Light absorbed and electrons help create a proton gradient
Study Notes
Transcription and mRNA Processing
- Information encoded in DNA is made into a complementary RNA copy through transcription.
- Eukaryotic mRNAs undergo post-transcriptional modifications, including:
- Addition of a 5' prime guanine cap by a capping enzyme to protect the mRNA from degradation and facilitate translation.
- Addition of a poly-A tail by poly-A polymerase to enhance translation efficiency.
- mRNA splicing occurs through the action of a spliceosome, which removes introns and joins exons.
- The difference between pre-mRNA and mature mRNA lies in the presence of introns, which are removed during splicing to produce a translatable mRNA.
mRNA Structure and Function
- The guanine cap at the 5' end of the mRNA protects it from degradation and facilitates translation.
- The poly-A tail at the 3' end of the mRNA enhances translation efficiency.
- Mature mRNA is translated by ribosomes to produce a protein product.
RNA Interference (RNAi)
- RNAi is a mechanism of gene expression regulation that involves the silencing of specific genes.
- miRNA is a type of RNA that plays a key role in RNAi, acting as a direct silencer of specific genes.
Ribosome Structure and Function
- The ribosome is composed of a large and small subunit.
- The ribosome attaches to the mRNA and reads the sequence of nucleotides to produce a protein product.
Test your knowledge of transcription and RNA processing with this quiz. Explore concepts such as RNA synthesis, mRNA modifications, splicing, and more.
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