Trail of Tears: Cherokee Relocation

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Questions and Answers

What was the outcome of the controversial election of 1824?

Calhoun was elected as president.

Jackson became Speaker of the House.

The House of Representatives decided the winner. (correct)

Jackson won with a majority of the votes.

What system did Andrew Jackson implement that allowed him to reward his supporters?

The spoils system (correct)

The electoral system

The patronage system

The caucus system

How did Andrew Jackson feel about the idea of state nullification?

He fully supported it.

He believed it would strengthen the nation.

He thought it would weaken the nation. (correct)

He was indifferent to the issue.

What major action did Jackson take regarding the Second Bank of the United States?

He vetoed the charter renewal. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary subject matter of 19th-century regionalism in literature?

The daily lives of ordinary people Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of the Monroe Doctrine?

Declaration against European intervention in the Americas Signup and view all the answers

Which political party did Andrew Jackson help to create after the election of 1824?

The Democratic Party Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?

They were challenged by state resolutions. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason President Polk sought war with Mexico?

To drive Mexican forces out of Texas and capture California and New Mexico Signup and view all the answers

What position did John C. Calhoun hold during Jackson's presidency?

Vice President Signup and view all the answers

Which river did Mexico claim as the southern border of Texas?

Nueces River Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the Treaty of New Echota for the Cherokee people?

They were forced to relocate to Indian Territory. Signup and view all the answers

What was a major belief held by the Democratic-Republicans?

Strict adherence to the Constitution Signup and view all the answers

Who was primarily responsible for negotiating the Louisiana Purchase?

James Monroe and Robert Livingston Signup and view all the answers

Who was the president during the approval of the Treaty of New Echota?

Andrew Jackson Signup and view all the answers

What did Manifest Destiny justify?

The expansion of U.S. territory across North America Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason the Texan army attacked Santa Anna's forces at San Jacinto?

To avenge the defeat at the Alamo. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

To map the Northwest Passage and document unfamiliar territories Signup and view all the answers

During the Trail of Tears, how many Cherokee members died from illness?

2,000 Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant outcome of the Louisiana Purchase?

It doubled the size of the United States. Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated distance the Cherokee were forced to travel during the Trail of Tears?

5,043 miles Signup and view all the answers

Who was a key figure in the expansion of Jacksonian Democracy?

Andrew Jackson Signup and view all the answers

What was the size of the Texan army under Sam Houston at the Battle of San Jacinto?

900 soldiers Signup and view all the answers

What did President James K. Polk aim to achieve through negotiations with Mexico regarding New Mexico?

Obtain peaceable transfer of territory. Signup and view all the answers

What event did Andrew Jackson become famous for, which helped him win the presidency?

His victory at the Battle of New Orleans Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of sending John Slidell to Mexico?

To propose the purchase of California and New Mexico Signup and view all the answers

Which battle was a significant event that represented Texan resistance against Mexican forces?

The Battle of Alamo Signup and view all the answers

What did the U.S. gain access to after the Louisiana Purchase that was crucial for economic growth?

The Mississippi River Signup and view all the answers

How many Cherokee people were initially convinced to sign the Treaty of New Echota?

500 Signup and view all the answers

What phrase is attributed to Colonel William Travis during the Alamo's defense?

Victory or death! Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Alexander Hamilton's main beliefs regarding the economy?

The creation of a national bank Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the implementation of the Alien & Sedition Act by Federalists?

To allow for the deportation of dangerous aliens Signup and view all the answers

How did Thomas Jefferson's vision for America differ from Alexander Hamilton's?

Jefferson envisioned an agrarian society of independent farmers, while Hamilton supported industrialization Signup and view all the answers

Which foreign policy stance did Hamilton primarily support?

Pro-British economic ties Signup and view all the answers

What was one of John Adams' actions during his presidency related to France?

He made a peace treaty with France in 1800. Signup and view all the answers

How did George Washington view political parties?

They could divide the country. Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Democratic-Republican Party's view on the federal government?

They advocated for strict interpretation of the Constitution. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the XYZ affair during John Adams' presidency?

It created suspicion towards non-citizens in the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What was the first state to grant women's suffrage in 1890?

Wyoming Signup and view all the answers

Which principle did Hamilton advocate regarding voting rights?

Limited voting rights for educated individuals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Trail of Tears

The Cherokee people were forcibly removed from their lands and relocated westward, estimated at 5,043 miles.
The journey, sometimes called the Trail Where They Cried, was plagued with hardship.
A treaty, the Treaty of New Echota, signed by a small portion of Cherokee representatives, ceded their land.
Despite opposition from Cherokee Chief John Ross, who argued the treaty didn't represent the entire population (approx 17,000), the treaty was approved by the Senate.
Approximately 2,000 Cherokee died during the forced removal
In 1838, General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops forcibly relocated thousands of Cherokee, leading to the loss of about a quarter of the Cherokee population.
The forced relocation occurred from June to December 1838, affecting communities in North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee.
The Cherokee who remained faced starvation and disease amidst the journey.
The journey resulted in significant loss of life.

Texas & Independence

The Alamo: A pivotal battle in Texas history where Texan defenders resisted the Mexican army for approximately two weeks.
- Key figures included Colonel William Travis, Davy Crockett, and Jim Bowie.
- The Texan defenders (approx 180) fought against a significantly larger Mexican army.
The Battle of San Jacinto: Sam Houston led Texan forces to a decisive victory against General Santa Anna and the Mexican army.
- Houston commanded a Texan army of approx 900 men against a Mexican force of roughly 1,300 men.
- The Texan victory was characterized by a surprise attack, using the slogan "Remember the Alamo!"
- The Texans killed about 600 enemy soldiers, captured approximately 700 more, including Santa Anna

President Polk & Mexico

President Polk sought to acquire New Mexico for trade reasons, but Mexico refused to sell.
A border dispute existed, with the U.S. claiming the Rio Grande border and Mexico the Nueces River, which was much further north.
Polk sent John Slidell to negotiate the purchase of New Mexico and California for $30 million.
Mexico refused Slidell's proposal.
Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor into the disputed territory of the Rio Grande, which was seen as an act of aggression by Mexico.
War was declared by the U.S. Congress.
Mexico was to be driven from Texas, California, and New Mexico.
The plan was to capture the Mexican capital, Mexico City.

Westward Expansion

Louisiana Purchase: France sold a vast territory to the U.S. in 1803.
- Territory extended from the Mississippi River westward, giving the U.S. control of the Mississippi River.
- The sale was for about $15 million, doubling the nation's size.
Manifest Destiny: An idea that the United States was destined to expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean.
- Coined in 1845 by John O'Sullivan, justifying America's territorial growth.
Lewis & Clark Expedition: An expedition commissioned by Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly acquired western territories.
- The expedition mapped, and documented the geography, plants, animals, and Native American cultures of the Louisiana Purchase.
- Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led the expedition, assisted by Sacagawea.

Jackson & Jacksonian Democracy

Andrew Jackson became the seventh U.S. president, a war hero from the West.
He lost the 1824 election due to a "corrupt bargain" between his rivals.
He won the 1828 election and later 1832 election.
The spoils system, giving government jobs to supporters, was put into practice.
Jackson was opposed to the Second Bank of the United States and vetoed its recharter, solidifying his position among voters.
He clashed with John C. Calhoun over states' rights, primarily concerning tariffs.

19th Century U.S. Art & Literature

Realism and regionalism were important themes.
American painters depicted western and other US scenes

Monroe Doctrine

European nations' attempts to regain control of South American territories led to the Monroe Doctrine.
The Monroe Doctrine declared that the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs, but also wouldn't allow further European colonization in the Americas.

War of 1812

The British attacked Washington, D.C. in 1814, attempting to destroy the Capitol and the President's mansion.
The attack was stopped, due to inclement weather and thunderstorms.

Alien & Sedition Acts of 1798

The Alien & Sedition Acts allowed the president to imprison or deport aliens.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions protested these acts as unconstitutional.

Democratic-Republicans

A political party advocating for limited federal government and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Federalists

A political party favoring a strong central government and a loose interpretation of the Constitution.

Political Parties

Political parties are groups of people with different viewpoints on governing a country

John Adams

John Adams served as the second president of the U.S., a leading Federalist.
He resisted Federalists pressures to declare war on France.
Successfully negotiated a peace treaty with France to avert war.

Jefferson

Jefferson opposed Hamilton’s economic policies.

Hamilton

Opposed by Jefferson regarding economic policies.

Women's Suffrage (Wyoming)

Wyoming granted women the right to vote in 1890, a pioneering step towards women's suffrage.
The 19th amendment of the US Constitution guaranteed female suffrage to all U.S. citizens in 1920.

George Washington

George Washington disliked political parties and was more aligned with the Federalist viewpoint, although he opposed the extreme factions of the various parties.
Disagreed with the different political viewpoints of Jefferson and Hamilton, resulting in Jefferson resigning from his position.

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Description

Explore the tragic journey of the Cherokee people during the Trail of Tears. This quiz covers the forced relocation, the Treaty of New Echota, and the hardships faced by the Cherokee during this dark chapter in American history. Test your knowledge on the events and consequences of this historical event.