Trail of Tears: Cherokee Relocation

A situation where a candidate receives the most votes but not a majority (over 50%).

The power to declare a law invalid or unenforceable within a state.

A system where the winning political party rewards its supporters with government jobs.

A political party that favored a strong central government and a loose interpretation of the Constitution.

A political party that favored limited central government and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

A presidential doctrine stating that European colonization of the Americas was unacceptable.

A political party that favored limited central government and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

A system where party leaders, not voters, select presidential candidates.

The belief that the United States should expand its territory across the continent.

A system where the government uses its power to encourage economic growth, often through tariffs.

A forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation from their ancestral lands in the Southeast to present-day Oklahoma in the 1830s. This journey was marked by extreme suffering, disease, and death, with an estimated 4,000 Cherokee dying along the way.

A treaty signed in 1835 by a small group of Cherokee, ceding all Cherokee lands to the United States government. The treaty was highly controversial, as it was not ratified by the Cherokee Nation as a whole and was widely seen as illegitimate.

The Cherokee chief who fought fiercely against the Treaty of New Echota and the subsequent forced removal, arguing that it was illegitimate and did not represent the wishes of the Cherokee people.

The decisive battle of the Texas Revolution, fought on April 21, 1836. The Texan army, led by Sam Houston, surprised the Mexican army led by Santa Anna, resulting in a decisive Texan victory and Mexican defeat.

A significant battle in the Texas Revolution, fought in 1836 at a mission near San Antonio, Texas. A small group of Texan defenders, led by William Travis, Davy Crockett, and Jim Bowie, resisted a much larger Mexican force for 13 days before being overwhelmed and killed.

The leader of the Texan army during the Battle of San Jacinto, who led the successful surprise attack that resulted in the capture of Santa Anna and a decisive Texan victory.

A famous battle cry used by the Texan army during the Battle of San Jacinto, meant to honor those killed at the Alamo and inspire them to fight for Texan freedom.

The President of the United States during the Mexican-American War, aiming to expand U.S. territory by acquiring New Mexico and California from Mexico. This ultimately led to war with Mexico.

A disagreement between the United States and Mexico over the territory of New Mexico. The US wanted the territory for its strategic position, while Mexico refused to sell or negotiate its claim. This ultimately led to the Mexican-American War.

The war fought between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, sparked by disagreements over territory and fueled by American expansionist ambitions. The war resulted in a decisive US victory and the acquisition of vast territories from Mexico, including California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.

The disputed border between Texas and Mexico, where the U.S. claimed the Rio Grande as the boundary and Mexico claimed the Nueces River.

President Polk's strategy to acquire California and New Mexico by triggering a war with Mexico.

President Polk's offer to purchase California and New Mexico from Mexico for $30 million and recognizing the Rio Grande as the Texas border, in exchange for paying Mexican debts to American citizens.

A 1803 purchase of land from France that doubled the size of the United States, giving access to the Mississippi River and its resources.

Napoleon Bonaparte's decision to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States, driven by financial pressures and the loss of his colonial empire.

An expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, sponsored by President Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase, document its resources, and map a potential Northwest Passage.

The role of Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman, as an invaluable guide and translator for the Lewis and Clark expedition, facilitating successful navigation and relations with Native Americans.

Andrew Jackson, a military hero and the 7th President of the United States, whose victories in the War of 1812 propelled him to political prominence.

A political philosophy advocating for expanding democracy by broadening suffrage, increasing individual rights, and promoting the interests of the common people.

A group of people with different ideologies about politics and how to rule a country. They often have different views on things like the role of government, economic policy, and social issues.

The belief that the government should have strong central authority, a national bank, tariffs, and subsidies to promote industry and growth. This approach favors a more powerful national government.

The belief that the Constitution should be interpreted broadly, allowing the federal government to have implied powers beyond what's explicitly stated. This approach allows for flexibility and adaptability.

The belief that the government should be limited to powers explicitly granted by the Constitution. This approach emphasizes states' rights and restricts the federal government's role.

The belief that the government should be run by the wealthy and educated, with less power given to the general public. This ideology favors the elite and prioritizes their role in governance.

The right for women to vote. This movement gained momentum after the Seneca Falls Convention and was eventually enshrined in the 19th Amendment.

A disagreement between John Adams and the French government, where French agents demanded a bribe and loan from the Americans in exchange for an alliance. This incident fueled anti-French sentiment and strengthened the Federalist Party.

A law passed by the Federalist Party in 1798 that gave the president the power to imprison or deport aliens considered potentially dangerous. This law was criticized by Democratic-Republicans as an infringement on civil liberties.

A series of resolutions passed by Virginia and Kentucky in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. The resolutions argued that states had the right to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional. This was a major step in the development of states' rights.

The belief that the United States should have a strong military and close economic ties with Britain, promoting a more active role on the world stage. This foreign policy stance favored a centralized approach to international relations.