TRAI Frequency Band Allocation for Indian Railways

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism used by LTE to assign network resources to users and applications?

Dynamic allocation based on transmission demand (correct)

Quality of Service (QoS) classification

Resource reservation protocol

Static allocation based on user priority

What is the maximum bandwidth supported by LTE?

10 MHz

40 MHz

30 MHz

20 MHz (correct)

What is the multiple access technique used in the downlink of LTE?

SC-FDMA

OFDMA (correct)

CDMA

TDMA

What is the name of the simplified core network introduced in LTE?

Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum order of modulation supported in LTE?

64QAM Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency range supported by LTE?

450 MHz to 5.925 GHz Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the multiple access technique used in the uplink of LTE?

SC-FDMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of LTE's link adaptation mechanism?

Balancing between throughput and reliability Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency band allocated to Indian Railways for implementing LTE FDD services?

700 MHz band (703-748 MHz Uplink & 758-803 MHz Downlink) Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak throughput of a 5 MHz LTE FDD system with 2x2 MIMO and 64 QAM?

36.7 Mbps Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a uniform numbering scheme for mobile communication networks in Indian Railways?

To identify, authenticate, and localize mobile users Signup and view all the answers

What is the transmission mode with a system bandwidth of 15 MHz?

2x2 MIMO Signup and view all the answers

What is the downlink peak throughput of a 10 MHz LTE FDD system with 2x2 MIMO and 16 QAM?

75 Mbps Signup and view all the answers

What is the specification of the 700 MHz band allocated to Indian Railways?

Band 28 in 3GPP/ETSI standards Signup and view all the answers

What is the uplink peak throughput of a 3 MHz LTE FDD system with 2x2 MIMO and 64 QAM?

11.1 Mbps Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of usable resource blocks in a 5 MHz LTE FDD system?

25 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Serving Gateway (S-GW) in the LTE network?

To route incoming and outgoing IP packets Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for tracking and paging UE in idle-mode?

Mobility Management Entity (MME) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the X2 interface in the LTE network?

To connect the eNodeBs to each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW) in the LTE network?

To route IP packets to and from the PDNs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Mobility Management Entity (MME) in the LTE network?

To handle the control plane and signaling related to mobility and security Signup and view all the answers

What is the anchor point for intra-LTE mobility and between LTE and other 3GPP accesses?

Serving Gateway (S-GW) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Serving Gateway (S-GW) in terms of handover?

To manage the handover between eNodeBs Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the Serving Gateway (S-GW) and the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW)?

They are separate components that handle different functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum length of an IMSI?

15 digits Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MCC in an IMSI?

To identify a country Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the MNC in an IMSI?

Two or three digits Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MSIN in an IMSI?

To identify individual subscriptions Signup and view all the answers

What is the other name for MSISDN?

Mobile Phone Number Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of MSISDN?

To identify a mobile phone number internationally Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between IMSI and MSISDN?

IMSI is used to identify a mobile network, while MSISDN is used to identify a mobile phone number Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of using GSM-R for data communication?

It is a circuit-switched technology that underutilizes network resources. Signup and view all the answers

What is the predicted year of obsolescence for GSM-R technology?

2030 Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of IMSI?

MCC + MNC + MSIN Signup and view all the answers

What is the main requirement for the new access network in LTE?

High peak data rates Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent of BSS in GSM-R in the LTE network?

eNodeB Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the eNodeB in the LTE network?

Radio transmission to and reception from UEs Signup and view all the answers

What is the interface that connects the eNodeB to EPC nodes?

S1 interface Signup and view all the answers

What is the acronym for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network?

E-UTRAN Signup and view all the answers

What is the RAN node in the LTE network architecture?

eNodeB Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Home Subscriber Server (HSS)?

To store user-related and subscriber-related information Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of the Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF)?

To detect service data flow and perform policy enforcement Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)?

To provide Quality of Service (QoS) information for each session begun Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Mobility Management Entity (MME) in the LTE network?

To track and page UE in idle-mode Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Serving Gateway (S-GW) in the LTE network?

To anchor user data bearer and ciphering Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW) in the LTE network?

To provide IP connectivity to the UE Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the eNodeB and the EPC nodes?

The eNodeB is connected to the EPC nodes through the S1 interface Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS)?

To assist mobile operators deliver next-generation interactive and interoperable services Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eNodeB in the LTE network?

To provide radio transmission to and reception from UEs Signup and view all the answers

What interface connects the eNodeB to EPC nodes in the LTE network?

S1 interface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Serving Gateway (S-GW) in the LTE network?

To act as a gateway between the LTE network and the Internet Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Uniform Numbering Scheme for Mobile Communication Network in Indian Railways?

To assign unique numbers to mobile subscribers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Mobility Management Entity (MME) in the LTE network?

To manage mobility and handover between cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum length of the Subscriber Number (SN) in an MSISDN?

10 digits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW) in the LTE network?

To act as a gateway between the LTE network and the Internet Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Mobility Management Entity (MME) in the LTE network?

To track and page User Equipment (UE) in idle-mode Signup and view all the answers

What is the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) responsible for in the LTE network?

Storing subscriber data and authentication information Signup and view all the answers

What is the predicted year of obsolescence for GSM-R technology?

2030 Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the Serving Gateway (S-GW) and the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW)?

The S-GW and PDN-GW are separate entities that work together Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent of BSS in GSM-R in the LTE network?

eNodeB Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) in the LTE network?

To manage user authentication and authorization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eNodeB in the LTE network?

To route data traffic between the UE and the EPC Signup and view all the answers

What is the interface that connects the eNodeB to EPC nodes?

S1 interface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of migrating from GSM-R to LTE for Indian Railways?

Increased data speeds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Mobility Management Entity (MME) in the LTE network?

To track and page UE in idle-mode Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the MCC in an IMSI?

2-3 digits Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MSISDN?

To identify a mobile phone number internationally Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the IMSI?

MCC + MNC + MSIN Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW) in the LTE network?

To provide IP address leasing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Serving Gateway (S-GW) in the LTE network?

To anchor intra-LTE mobility and between LTE and other 3GPP accesses Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the IMSI?

Up to 15 digits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eNodeB in the LTE network?

To manage radio resources Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eNodeB in the LTE network?

To provide radio access to the UE Signup and view all the answers

What is the Serving Gateway (S-GW) responsible for?

Routing IP packets between the UE and the external networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW)?

To provide IP address allocation and policy control Signup and view all the answers

What is the Mobility Management Entity (MME) responsible for?

Handling the signalling related to mobility and security for E-UTRAN access Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the Serving Gateway (S-GW) and the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW)?

They are separate entities that handle different functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) in the LTE network?

To store subscription information and authentication data Signup and view all the answers

What is the interface that connects the eNodeB to EPC nodes?

S1 interface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eNodeB in relation to its neighbors?

To communicate with its neighbor eNodeBs through the X2 interface Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

TRAI Frequency Band Allocation

5 MHz (paired) spectrum in 700 MHz band has been allocated to Indian Railways for implementing services.
The allocated spectrum is also specified as Band 28 in 3GPP/ETSI standards.

LTE FDD System Throughput

The throughput of LTE FDD system depends on the transmission mode, system bandwidth, and MIMO configuration.
The table below shows the peak throughput for different transmission modes and system bandwidths:
- 1.4 MHz: 4.4 Mbps (downlink), 3 Mbps (uplink)
- 3 MHz: 11.1 Mbps (downlink), 7.5 Mbps (uplink)
- 5 MHz: 18.3 Mbps (downlink), 12.6 Mbps (uplink)
- 10 MHz: 36.7 Mbps (downlink), 25.5 Mbps (uplink)
- 15 MHz: 55.1 Mbps (downlink), 37.9 Mbps (uplink)
- 20 MHz: 75 Mbps (downlink), 51 Mbps (uplink)

Uniform Numbering Scheme for Mobile Communication Network

In the LTE network, all mobile users must be assigned a unique address or identity for identification, authentication, and localization.
The numbering scheme consists of IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity), MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber International Subscriber Directory Number), and other identities.

Features of Long Term Evolution (LTE)

LTE is a fully packet-switched IP-based mobile communication standard from 3GPP.
LTE assigns network resources to users and applications based on actual transmission demand.
The core network in LTE is simplified and consists of fewer elements than in legacy standards.
LTE introduces a new access solution based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access) for uplink and downlink respectively.
LTE achieves high data rates through the use of higher order modulation (up to 64QAM), large bandwidths (up to 20 MHz), and spatial multiplexing in the downlink (up to 4x4).

Components of Long Term Evolution (LTE)

The key components of the LTE network sub-system are:
- eNodeB (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
- Serving Gateway (S-GW)
- Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW)
- Mobility Management Entity (MME)

eNodeB (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network)

The eNodeB is the base station for LTE radio and is responsible for radio transmission to and reception from UEs (User Equipment) in one or more cells.
The eNodeB is connected to EPC nodes by means of an S1 interface.

Serving Gateway (S-GW)

The Serving GW is the point of interconnect between the radio-side and the EPC.
It serves the UE by routing incoming and outgoing IP packets.
It is the anchor point for intra-LTE mobility and between LTE and other 3GPP accesses.

Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW)

The PDN GW is the point of interconnect between the EPC and external IP networks.
It routes packets to and from the PDNs.
It performs various functions such as IP address/IP prefix allocation, policy control, and charging.

Mobility Management Entity (MME)

The MME deals with the control plane and handles signaling related to mobility and security for E-UTRAN access.
It is responsible for tracking and paging of UE in idle-mode.
It is the termination point of the Non-Access Stratum (NAS).

GSM-R Obsolescence

GSM-R is becoming an obsolete technology.
The predicted obsolescence of GSM-R is by 2030.

Home Subscriber Server (HSS)

A database that contains user-related and subscriber-related information
Provides support functions in mobility management, call and session setup, user authentication, and access authorization

Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)

A combination of the Charging Rules Function (CRF) and the Policy Decision Function (PDF)
Ensures the service policy and sends Quality of Service (QoS) information for each session begun and accounting rule information
Policies are enforced in the eNodeB

Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF)

Performs policy enforcement and service data flow detection
Allows data flow through the implemented P-GW
Enforces rules that allow data packets to pass through the gateway
Responsible for the QoS on IP packets in the P-GW

IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS)

An all-IP system designed to assist mobile operators deliver next-generation interactive and interoperable services
Cost-effectively provides services including voice, pictures, text, and video, or any combination of these with existing services
A core component within 3G, cable TV, and next-generation fixed telecoms networks that deliver Internet Protocol multimedia to mobile users

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

A string of decimal digits, up to a maximum length of 15 digits, that identifies a unique subscription
Consists of three fields: the mobile country code (MCC), the mobile network code (MNC), and the mobile subscription identification number (MSIN)
MCC is a three-digit code that identifies a country
MNC is a two- or three-digit code that identifies a mobile network
MSIN is a up to 10-digit code that identifies individual subscriptions

Mobile Subscriber International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN)

A number used to identify a mobile phone number internationally
Composition follows the international ISDN numbering plan with the following structure:
- Country Code (CC), up to three digits
- National Destination Code (NDC), typically two or three digits
- Subscriber Number (SN), a maximum of 10 digits

Adaptation of LTE on Indian Railways

Indian Railway is migrating from GSM-R to LTE for Railway Automation System and Broadband Services
LTE system proposed for Indian Railways should be fit for bearer network for TCAS/ETCS Level 2/3 for desired speed

Components of Long Term Evolution (LTE)

E-UTRAN: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
Serving Gateway (S-GW): deals with the user plane and transports IP data traffic between UE and external networks
Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW): routes packets to and from PDNs and performs functions such as IP address/IP prefix allocation or policy control and charging
Mobility Management Entity (MME): deals with the control plane and handles signaling related to mobility and security for E-UTRAN access

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Description

This quiz covers the allocation of frequency bands by TRAI for Indian Railways, including the 700 MHz band and its uplink and downlink frequencies.