42 Questions
How are directional signs typically marked?
Black inscriptions on a yellow background
What defines the direction and designation of an intersecting taxiway?
Taxiway Direction Signs
What defines the direction and designation of the exit taxiway from the runway?
Runway Exit Signs
What are similar to direction signs except that they point toward a general location on the airport rather than a specific route.
Destination signs
What are placed alongside the runway at intervals of 1,000 feet and have single white numbers on a black background and indicate the remaining runway?
Distance-remaining signs
What has a combination of a Location sign and Directional signs?
Direction Sign Array
What visually assists pilots while in flight to determine the direction of the airport traffic pattern and has a series of highly visible, white or yellow markers arranged in a circle around a surface wind indicator?
Segmented Circle
What pivots in the wind and can be a tetrahedron, a wind cone (windsock), a combination of both, or a wind tee?
Wind indicators
What color(s) are wind cones typically?
White, yellow or orange
What is designed to resemble an airplane from the air and indicates the direction the wind is coming from, so pilots overflying the field can more easily determine in which direction they should land?
Wind tee
What ensures gates, fencing, locks and other safeguards are in place and functioning properly?
Public Protection Inspection
The daily inspection of _____ concentrates on a visual check of construction areas underway on or near the airport that could affect aircraft operations, and other obstructions in or around the airport.
Obstructions
What is the primary system used to convey safety information to airport users?
Notice to Air Missions (NOTAM)
Part 139 requires a Snow and Ice Control Plan that is current and complete to what?
Meet local conditions
What includes mechanical and chemical (material spreaders) methods for removing or controlling snow and ice accumulations?
Snow Removal Equipment
What consists of a cutting edge that shears snow from the pavement and a moldboard that lifts and casts the dislodged snow to the side of the cleared path?
Displacement plows
What is the primary mechanical device for removing hazardous snow accumulations such as windrows (long fingers of piled snow) and snowbanks?
Rotary snowplow
What can melt upwards of 75 cubic yards, or 56 tons, of snow per hour?
Snow melters
What are used primarily to clean up the residue left on the pavement surface by a plow or blower, or for sweeping and cleaning debris from airport operational areas?
Snow sweepers or brooms
What provides a continuous, accurately metered flow of granular or liquid material to a pavement surface over a predetermined spread area?
Material spreaders
What provides the ability to plow snow with a front-end blade, broom residue with a center-mounted broom, and then air blast the residue and apply sand or a deicing solution with a rear-mounted cartridge?
Multi-function equipment
How is the ARFF Index calculated?
The length of the most demanding air carrier aircraft that serves the airport and the number of average daily departures.
Who is responsible for compliance with the requirements of Part 139 at certificated airports and with the provisions of any applicable federal grant agreements?
Airport Operator
What occurs when an aircraft departs the runway in use during the takeoff or landing run?
Runway Excursion
What is an unauthorized or unapproved movement within the designated Movement Area?
Surface Incident
What is an occurrence at an airport with a control tower, involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft?
Runway Incursion
What type of runway incursion is an incident in which separation decreases, and there is a significant potential for collision, which may result in a time critical corrective/evasive response to avoid a collision?
Category B
What type of runway incursion is an incident characterized by ample time and/or distance to avoid a collision?
Category C
What type of runway incursion is a serious incident in which a collision narrowly was avoided?
Category A
What occurs when the action of an air traffic controller results in less than the required minimum separation between two or more aircraft, or between an aircraft and obstacles (vehicles, equipment, personnel on runways), or clearing an aircraft to take off or land on a closed runway?
Operational Errors
What involves the action of a pilot who violates any Federal Aviation Regulation?
Pilot Deviations
What occurs when pedestrians or vehicles enter any portion of the airport Movement Areas (runways/taxiways) without authorization from air traffic control?
Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations
What uses modeling to assign risk weights to the outcome of an event such as aircraft damage, injuries, and fatalities?
Surface Safety Metric
What represents a move away from compliance-based safety assurance, to focus on a systemic view of the runway environment, leading to identification of risk before it becomes an event?
Risk-Based Safety Management
What brings local airport stakeholders together at least once a year to identify risks to surface safety at that airport and develop plans to mitigate or eliminate those risks?
Runway Safety Action Teams
What illuminates red in-pavement lights to signal a potentially unsafe situation?
Runway (and Taxiway) Status Lights
What are generally a complex or confusing taxiway or taxiway and runway intersection?
Hot spots
88% of wildlife strikes occur below ___.
2,500 feet
What wildlife control includes scaring, dispersing, trapping and controlling the animals that are causing problems?
Active control
What is the overall plan for safety and phasing of a construction project developed by the airport operator, or developed by the airport operator's consultant and approved by the airport operator?
Construction Safety and Phasing Plan
What does the Stafford Act do?
Defines airports as public facilities
What is designed to minimize personal injury and property damage at the airport in the case of an emergency?
The Airport Emergency Plan
Study Notes
Air Traffic Signs and Markings
- Directional signs are typically marked with arrows and letters to indicate the direction and designation of a taxiway or runway.
- Location signs are placed alongside the runway at intervals of 1,000 feet and display single white numbers on a black background to indicate the remaining runway.
Wind Indicators
- Wind cones (windsocks) are typically orange or yellow in color and pivot in the wind to indicate wind direction.
- A tetrahedron is a type of wind indicator that pivots in the wind.
- A wind tee is a type of wind indicator that pivots in the wind.
- A wind indicator is designed to resemble an airplane from the air and indicates the direction the wind is coming from.
Airport Safety
- A Snow and Ice Control Plan is required by Part 139 to ensure gates, fencing, locks, and other safeguards are in place and functioning properly.
- The daily inspection of construction areas concentrates on a visual check of construction areas underway on or near the airport that could affect aircraft operations.
- The primary system used to convey safety information to airport users is NOTAMs (Notices to Airmen).
Snow Removal Equipment
- Snowplows consist of a cutting edge that shears snow from the pavement and a moldboard that lifts and casts the dislodged snow to the side of the cleared path.
- Blowers are the primary mechanical device for removing hazardous snow accumulations such as windrows and snowbanks.
- Broombrooms are used primarily to clean up the residue left on the pavement surface by a plow or blower, or for sweeping and cleaning debris from airport operational areas.
- Spreaders provide a continuous, accurately metered flow of granular or liquid material to a pavement surface over a predetermined spread area.
- Combo units provide the ability to plow snow with a front-end blade, broom residue with a center-mounted broom, and then air blast the residue and apply sand or a deicing solution with a rear-mounted cartridge.
Runway Incursions
- A runway incursion occurs when an aircraft departs the runway in use during the takeoff or landing run.
- A unauthorized or unapproved movement within the designated Movement Area is considered a runway incursion.
- An occurrence at an airport with a control tower, involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft is considered a runway incursion.
- There are three types of runway incursions:
- Category A: An incident in which separation decreases, and there is a significant potential for collision, which may result in a time-critical corrective/evasive response to avoid a collision.
- Category B: An incident characterized by ample time and/or distance to avoid a collision.
- Category C: A serious incident in which a collision narrowly was avoided.
Airport Operations
- An ARFF Index is calculated to ensure compliance with Part 139.
- The airport operator is responsible for compliance with the requirements of Part 139 at certificated airports.
- A pilot deviation involves the action of a pilot who violates any Federal Aviation Regulation.
- A vehicle incursion occurs when pedestrians or vehicles enter any portion of the airport Movement Areas (runways/taxiways) without authorization from air traffic control.
- Risk analysis uses modeling to assign risk weights to the outcome of an event such as aircraft damage, injuries, and fatalities.
Wildlife Control
- Wildlife strikes occur primarily below 1,000 feet.
- Wildlife control includes scaring, dispersing, trapping, and controlling the animals that are causing problems.
Emergency Response
- The Stafford Act authorizes federal assistance to respond to emergencies.
- An Emergency Response Plan is designed to minimize personal injury and property damage at the airport in the case of an emergency.
- A Safety Management System (SMS) represents a move away from compliance-based safety assurance, to focus on a systemic view of the runway environment, leading to identification of risk before it becomes an event.
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