Traffic Signal Timing for Pedestrians
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Questions and Answers

What is the average walking speed of pedestrians mentioned in the content?

  • 2.0 ft/s
  • 4.5 ft/s (correct)
  • 5.0 ft/s
  • 3.0 ft/s

    • The MUTCD specifies an exact duration for slow crossers to begin crossing.

    False

    What formula is used to calculate the clearance time needed for pedestrians to cross an intersection?

    FDW + feff > D/S_p1

    The default primary design speed for pedestrians is __________ ft/s.

    <p>3.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suggested clearance time for crosswalks based on the example provided?

    <p>20 s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the walking speed specifications with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>3.0 ft/s = Walking speed for seniors or young children 3.5 ft/s = Default primary design speed 4.0 ft/s = Previous primary pedestrian design speed 4.5 ft/s = Average walking speed of pedestrians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Longer clearance times should be provided when there are many pedestrians.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended walking speed in European countries such as the Netherlands?

    <p>4 s for crossing time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a leading pedestrian interval (LPI) designed to do?

    <p>Mitigate conflicts with turning vehicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pedestrian crossing islands must be at least 8 feet deep and equipped with pedestrian signals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average delay for a three-stage crossing studied in the Boston area?

    <p>over 120 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended minimum length for the Walk interval according to the MUTCD?

    <p>7 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Flashing Don't Walk indication allows pedestrians to start crossing during a red clearance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The crossing islands must be at least __ ft deep.

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with their descriptions:

    <p>Pedestrian Refuge Island = A safe area for pedestrians to wait while crossing Multistage Crossing = A crossing requiring pedestrians to wait between stages LPI = An interval that allows pedestrians to start crossing before vehicles get a green light Median Crossing = A crossing where the median does not need to be a refuge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best timing option for pedestrians if a longer Walk interval is desired?

    <p>Option A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________________ is displayed when pedestrians should not start crossing but may continue if they have already begun.

    <p>Flashing Don't Walk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pedestrian indications to their meanings:

    <p>Walk = You may start to cross Flashing Don't Walk = Don't begin, but if you've begun, continue crossing Don't Walk = Solid orange hand indication Pedestrian phase end buffer = Time to safely finish crossing after FDW ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary Standard for pedestrian start time in most of the US?

    <p>7 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option results in the shortest Walk interval for pedestrians?

    <p>Option B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pedestrians are legally supposed to start crossing only during the FDW interval.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total length of FDW and the pedestrian phase end buffer must accommodate a pedestrian who started walking right at the end of the Walk interval.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Weff' represent in pedestrian timing?

    <p>Effective Walk interval length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pedestrian phase end buffer?

    <p>To provide safe time for pedestrians to finish crossing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first ____ seconds of the pedestrian phase end buffer should be considered effective.

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pedestrian timing terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Effective Walk = Length W + 4 Primary standard = Seven seconds to start Secondary standard = Two seconds to start Phase end buffer = Transition time after the Walk signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the 'effective pedestrian phase end buffer'?

    <p>Only the first 3 seconds are effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is a mandated limit on the maximum length of the pedestrian phase end buffer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What time is mandated by the MUTCD for pedestrian phase end buffer minimum?

    <p>No specific time is mentioned; there is a minimum but no maximum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default design speed for slower pedestrians according to the MUTCD's requirement?

    <p>3.0 ft/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The secondary clearance requirement does not need to be satisfied if the primary crossing standard is met.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be adjusted if the secondary requirement is not met and the crossing length is longer than 105 ft?

    <p>Increase W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pedestrian phase timing includes Walk interval (W), _____, and buffer.

    <p>FDW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pedestrian timing methods to their corresponding actions:

    <p>First = Set pedestrian phase end buffer Second = Set FDW Third = Calculate remainder for W Fourth = Check secondary clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum value for the Walk interval (W) when setting lengths for concurrent crossings?

    <p>7 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Option A, how much effective walk time do pedestrians get during the comparison of alternative pedestrian timings?

    <p>20 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All pedestrian intervals in non-concurrent crossings are set equal to their maximum values.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best serves pedestrian needs at a crossing?

    <p>Having a longer Walk interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pedestrian phase should always prioritize vehicular timing needs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FDW represent in the context of pedestrian timing?

    <p>Phase end buffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The minimum split needed for vehicles is given by the equation minSplitveh = Gneeded + Y + Rc. Here, Y represents the _____ time.

    <p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the pedestrian and vehicle timing needs with their appropriate expressions:

    <p>MinSplit<del>veh</del> = G<del>needed</del> + Y + R<del>c</del> MinSplit<del>ped</del> = W<del>min</del> + FDW + ff Walk Interval = minSplit<del>veh</del> -- FDW -- phase end buffer Split = max (minSplit<del>veh</del>, minSplit<del>ped</del>)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition allows the pedestrian movement to govern the phase length?

    <p>When minSplit<del>veh</del> is less than minSplit<del>ped</del></p> Signup and view all the answers

    A standard Walk interval of 7 seconds is always sufficient for pedestrian crossings.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum walking interval, W~min, for pedestrian timing under normal conditions?

    <p>7 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Signalized Crosswalk Timing

    • Traffic signals benefit both vehicle and pedestrian traffic.
    • Most signalized crossings run concurrently with a vehicle phase.
    • Figure 4-1 details three options for pedestrian timing within the vehicle phase.
    • Option A: Maximizes Walk interval within the vehicle phase split.
    • Option B: Includes common restrictions resulting in a shorter Walk interval (6 seconds shorter).
    • Option C: Minimum pedestrian timing as required by the MUTCD.

    Pedestrian Indications and Functional Intervals

    • Pedestrian signals have three indications (Walk, Flashing Don't Walk, Don't Walk).
    • Pedestrian timing has four intervals.
    • Walk: White walking man, signals that crossing is permitted. MUTCD recommends 7 seconds minimum.
    • Flashing Don't Walk (FDW): Flashing orange hand, pedestrians should not begin crossing, but continue if they have already started.
    • Don't Walk (DW): Solid orange hand; displayed during two intervals, from FDW end to when conflicting traffic is released.

    Effective Pedestrian Intervals

    • Pedestrians are permitted to start crossing during the first few seconds of FDW.
    • Effective Walk interval (Weff) = Walk interval (W) + 4.
    • Effective Pedestrian Buffer (feff) length: Minimum 3 seconds. No limit on maximum feff.
    • First 3 seconds of feff considered the Effective Pedestrian Buffer in practice.

    Pedestrian Start Time Needs

    • Primary standard: 7 seconds to start crossing (4 seconds allowable).
    • Secondary Standard: 2 seconds to start crossing.

    Pedestrian Clearance Needs

    • Crossing time calculation: Crossing length (D) divided by walking speed.
    • Pedestrian signal timing speed options:
      • Sp1 = 3.5 ft/s (general pedestrians)
      • Sp2 = 3.0 ft/s (slower pedestrians)
      • Average pedestrian speed ~ 4.5 ft/s

    Setting Walk and FDW Interval Lengths

    • Pedestrian intervals (W, FDW, buffer) are set to minimum values.
    • These intervals follow the primary crossing standard, and can be adjusted to meet secondary standards.

    Pedestrian Timing Needs vs. Vehicle Timing Needs

    • Pedestrian Phase Length is governed by Vehicle Timing when the Vehicle phase is long enough to accommodate a Pedestrian phase.
    • Pedestrian Phase Length is governed by Pedestrian Timing needs when the pedestrian crossing needs more time than the vehicle movement.

    Leading Pedestrian Interval (LPI)

    • Used in situations where concurrent pedestrian and right-turning vehicles may conflict.
    • Full Protection: Separate pedestrian phase from right-turn phase.
    • Partial protection (LPI): Gives pedestrians a head start (several seconds) to establish priority before right-turning vehicle conflict.
    • Typical values: 3 to 7 seconds.

    Other Aspects of Pedestrian Crossings

    • Crossings can be broken into stages with refuge islands (pedestrian islands), with pedestrian signals.
    • Multi-stage crossings can result in excessively long delays.
    • Crossings can exist in single passes where a road has a physical median which may be optional.

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    Related Documents

    Furth's Traffic Engineering Notes on Pedestrian Timing (PDF)

    Description

    Explore the nuances of signalized crosswalk timing and pedestrian indications. This quiz covers different options for pedestrian timing within vehicle phases, as well as the various signals indicating when pedestrians can safely cross. Test your understanding of these essential traffic management concepts.

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