Traffic Light Control Systems
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Questions and Answers

Who developed the first automated system for controlling traffic signals?

Leonard Casciato and Josef Kates

What is the terminology difference in Australia and New Zealand regarding traffic signals?

In Australia and New Zealand, a 'phase' is equivalent to the concept of a 'stage' in the UK and USA.

What is the purpose of a filter phase in the UK?

In the UK, a filter phase allows non-conflicting traffic to make particular turns (normally left or ahead) through a junction.

What is a movement in the context of traffic signals?

<p>A movement is any path through the junction which vehicles or pedestrians are permitted to take.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of control systems are used for traffic signals?

<p>A variety of different control systems are used, ranging from simple clockwork mechanisms to sophisticated computerized control and coordination systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scope of neuroscience and how has it broadened over time?

<p>The scope of neuroscience includes the study of the nervous system at different scales. It has broadened to include different approaches, from molecular and cellular studies of individual neurons to imaging of sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical origin of the study of the nervous system?

<p>The earliest study of the nervous system dates back to ancient Egypt, where the surgical practice of trepanation was first recorded during the Neolithic period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the understanding of the biological basis of learning, memory, behavior, perception, and consciousness been described?

<p>Eric Kandel described it as the 'epic challenge' of the biological sciences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disciplines does neuroscience combine to understand the fundamental and emergent properties of neurons, glia, and neural circuits?

<p>Neuroscience combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, psychology, physics, computer science, chemistry, medicine, statistics, and mathematical modeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were early views on the function of the brain and how were they regarded?

<p>Early views regarded the brain to be a 'cranial stuffing' of sorts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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