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Questions and Answers
What is one major advantage of traditional construction techniques?
What is one major advantage of traditional construction techniques?
Which material is commonly used for load-bearing walls due to its strength?
Which material is commonly used for load-bearing walls due to its strength?
What is a notable disadvantage of traditional construction methods?
What is a notable disadvantage of traditional construction methods?
What does the modern construction method entail?
What does the modern construction method entail?
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Which construction method involves prefabrication of components away from the site?
Which construction method involves prefabrication of components away from the site?
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In what way do modern methods of construction differ from traditional methods?
In what way do modern methods of construction differ from traditional methods?
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Which of the following best describes lightweight aerated blocks?
Which of the following best describes lightweight aerated blocks?
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What is a characteristic of non off-site manufacture methods?
What is a characteristic of non off-site manufacture methods?
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What is the primary purpose of joists in floor framing?
What is the primary purpose of joists in floor framing?
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What is the purpose of a union in a piping system?
What is the purpose of a union in a piping system?
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Which component is used to support the joists when the distance between two foundation walls is significant?
Which component is used to support the joists when the distance between two foundation walls is significant?
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Which type of joint is formed by sealing fittings with a thin film of solder?
Which type of joint is formed by sealing fittings with a thin film of solder?
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What is the role of the sill in the framing process?
What is the role of the sill in the framing process?
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What is the nominal size of a pipe related to?
What is the nominal size of a pipe related to?
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What material is used beneath the sill to help with leveling?
What material is used beneath the sill to help with leveling?
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At the building site, how are lengths of copper tubing typically joined?
At the building site, how are lengths of copper tubing typically joined?
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Which step is NOT part of the major process of erecting wood frames?
Which step is NOT part of the major process of erecting wood frames?
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What material is commonly used as a sealant on threaded pipe fittings?
What material is commonly used as a sealant on threaded pipe fittings?
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What is the purpose of having tongues and grooves in subflooring boards?
What is the purpose of having tongues and grooves in subflooring boards?
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What must be installed to ensure a structure serves its intended purpose?
What must be installed to ensure a structure serves its intended purpose?
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What is the construction method for joining larger pipes (greater than 4'' in diameter)?
What is the construction method for joining larger pipes (greater than 4'' in diameter)?
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Every how many feet is an anchor bolt set along the footing or wall?
Every how many feet is an anchor bolt set along the footing or wall?
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What kind of joints are used in cast-iron soil pipe systems?
What kind of joints are used in cast-iron soil pipe systems?
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Which of the following components is NOT part of the piping system?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the piping system?
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What type of footing is appropriate for small, lightweight structures on soft bearing surfaces?
What type of footing is appropriate for small, lightweight structures on soft bearing surfaces?
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What materials are typically used to reinforce concrete footings?
What materials are typically used to reinforce concrete footings?
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Where are piles typically driven to create a pile cap footing?
Where are piles typically driven to create a pile cap footing?
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What is the first step in constructing concrete footings?
What is the first step in constructing concrete footings?
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Which of the following structures may utilize vertical footings?
Which of the following structures may utilize vertical footings?
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What is the main function of forms or molds in concrete construction?
What is the main function of forms or molds in concrete construction?
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What material is NOT commonly found in concrete?
What material is NOT commonly found in concrete?
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The set of procedures for creating concrete footings includes how many steps?
The set of procedures for creating concrete footings includes how many steps?
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What is the primary purpose of walers in the construction process described?
What is the primary purpose of walers in the construction process described?
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Which type of pier is formed using metal or fiber tubes?
Which type of pier is formed using metal or fiber tubes?
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What are 'high chairs' used for in the placement of reinforcing steel?
What are 'high chairs' used for in the placement of reinforcing steel?
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Which admixture in concrete is primarily used to alter its basic nature?
Which admixture in concrete is primarily used to alter its basic nature?
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What is the best shape for coarse aggregate used in concrete?
What is the best shape for coarse aggregate used in concrete?
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Why can low chairs not be used for slabs built on the ground?
Why can low chairs not be used for slabs built on the ground?
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What kind of steel is primarily used in wall, piers, and slab foundations?
What kind of steel is primarily used in wall, piers, and slab foundations?
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What is the main component that is mixed with sand, gravel, and water to create concrete?
What is the main component that is mixed with sand, gravel, and water to create concrete?
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Study Notes
Traditional Construction Methods
- Concrete blocks are strong and durable, often used for foundations and load-bearing walls.
- Aerated block is a lightweight alternative to concrete blocks with improved insulation.
- Traditional techniques allow for custom designs, more freedom for architects and homeowners.
- Often considered more sturdy and higher quality compared to modern methods.
Disadvantages of Traditional Construction
- Takes longer to build.
- Requires skilled labor and designers, leading to potentially higher costs.
Modern Construction Methods
- Emphasize efficiency, better quality in less time.
- Often involves prefabrication, off-site production, and off-site manufacturing (OSM).
Categories of Modern Construction Methods
- Off-site Manufacture (OSM): Production carried out away from the building site in a factory setting.
- Non Off-site Manufacture: Innovative techniques not classified as OSM, often using methods adapted from other industries.
Foundation Types
- Raft Footing: Used for small, lightweight structures on soft bearing surfaces, covers a larger area than the structure.
- Pile Cap Footing: Used in marshy, sandy, or underwater areas, piles driven down to a firm layer, a footing is built on top.
Foundation Materials
- Concrete is the most common material for footings.
- Steel rods can be used for reinforcement in concrete footings for added strength.
- Footings can be horizontal or vertical, with examples including driven pilings and vertical piers.
Setting Foundations
- Bearing surface is prepared before placing the footing.
- Concrete footings involve six steps:
- Setting forms or molds
- Placing steel reinforcement
- Mixing concrete
- Placing concrete in the form
- Compacting and finishing the concrete
- Removing the formworks
Building Forms
- Concrete is shaped using forms or molds.
- Walers are used for aligning form panels.
- Bracing and stakes support walls in an upright position.
Forms for a Pier Foundation
- Piers can be square, rectangular, or round.
- Square or rectangular piers are formed with short sets of wall forms.
- Round piers use sections of metal or fiber tubes assembled into a pipe-like structure.
Setting Reinforcement
- Design Rods: Used in walls, piers, and slab foundations.
- Reinforcing Mesh: Mainly used in slab foundations and road slabs.
- Chairs: Used to support reinforcing steel in slabs, either high chairs for top level steel or low chairs for bottom level steel.
Mixing Concrete
- Concrete is made from crushed rock or gravel, sand, Portland cement, and water.
- Admixtures are added to modify the properties of concrete.
- Key steps in preparing concrete:
- Preparing coarse aggregates (gravel or crushed rock)
- Preparing fine aggregates (sand)
- Preparing cement
- Using admixtures
- Measuring and mixing concrete
Framing
- Floor Framing: Primarily consists of horizontal members called joists.
- Wall Framing: Mainly composed of vertical members called studs.
- Roof Framing: Composed of sloped members called rafters.
Erecting Wood Frames
- Major steps include:
- Laying out and marking framing locations
- Marking off lumber lengths
- Sawing lumber
- Assembling parts
- Leveling and plumbing the frames
Setting Sills
- Anchor bolts are set in the foundation for securing framing.
- Sills are the bottom piece of the frame, placed on top of the foundation.
- A layer of grout can be used for leveling the sill.
Assembling Joists
- Joists are planks set on edge, supporting flooring materials.
- Rest on sills, spanning between foundation walls.
Assembling Girders
- Used to support joists when spanning large distances.
- Girders are stronger than joists.
Laying Subflooring
- Rough flooring or subflooring is nailed to the top of joists.
- Boards or plywood is commonly used.
- Tongue and groove boards prevent twisting and create a tighter floor.
Installing Utilities
- Provide services like water, waste disposal, electricity, gas, and communications.
- Plumbing systems are often subcontracted.
- Detailed shop drawings are prepared and reviewed by the engineer.
Piping
- Piping components include:
- Rigid straight lengths
- Curved lengths of flexible tubing
- Fittings (couplings, tees, ells, Y's, crosses, reducers, unions)
- Unions allow for disassembly for repairs.
- Valves are used to control flow in pressure systems.
- Nominal size refers to the pipe diameter.
Installing Piping
- Copper tubing is cut to length.
- Connections are made with couplings, tees, and ells, sealed with solder (sweated joint).
- Lead solder is an alloy of lead and tin.
- Pipe dope seals threaded connections.
- Large diameter piping can be assembled by welding.
- Cast iron soil pipe systems use lead joints with a bell end and spigot end.
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Description
Explore the key differences between traditional and modern construction methods in this quiz. Learn about the strengths and weaknesses of concrete blocks and aerated blocks, as well as the efficiency of off-site manufacturing. Test your knowledge on how architectural freedom and construction timelines impact building projects.
