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Who was the first European to discover a new sea route to India?
Who was the first European to discover a new sea route to India?
The Portuguese were the last European power to leave India by sea.
The Portuguese were the last European power to leave India by sea.
True
In what year did the Dutch East India Company establish its trading centers in India?
In what year did the Dutch East India Company establish its trading centers in India?
1602
Alfonso de Albuquerque took control of __________ in 1510.
Alfonso de Albuquerque took control of __________ in 1510.
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Match the following European powers with their roles in Indian trade:
Match the following European powers with their roles in Indian trade:
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What was a significant reason for European powers to seek a new sea route to India after the fall of Constantinople?
What was a significant reason for European powers to seek a new sea route to India after the fall of Constantinople?
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The capture of Constantinople in 1453 made trade routes between Asia and Europe more profitable.
The capture of Constantinople in 1453 made trade routes between Asia and Europe more profitable.
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Name one of the innovations that supported European explorers in finding new sea routes to India.
Name one of the innovations that supported European explorers in finding new sea routes to India.
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The Turkish capture of __________ in 1453 disrupted the trade relationships between Asia and Europe.
The Turkish capture of __________ in 1453 disrupted the trade relationships between Asia and Europe.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What was Marthanda Varma's significant achievement against the Dutch East India Company?
What was Marthanda Varma's significant achievement against the Dutch East India Company?
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Marthanda Varma was 30 years old when he rose to power.
Marthanda Varma was 30 years old when he rose to power.
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What economic activity significantly contributed to Travancore's economy during Marthanda Varma's rule?
What economic activity significantly contributed to Travancore's economy during Marthanda Varma's rule?
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Marthanda Varma expelled the Dutch and secured Travancore's rights in the _____ trade.
Marthanda Varma expelled the Dutch and secured Travancore's rights in the _____ trade.
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Match the following events with their outcomes during Marthanda Varma's rule:
Match the following events with their outcomes during Marthanda Varma's rule:
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When did the East India Company formally commence trading in India?
When did the East India Company formally commence trading in India?
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The French East India Company was established before the English East India Company.
The French East India Company was established before the English East India Company.
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Which major Indian city was developed as a result of the acquisition of three villages by the English East India Company?
Which major Indian city was developed as a result of the acquisition of three villages by the English East India Company?
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The French established their first factory in Surat in _____.
The French established their first factory in Surat in _____.
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Match the following locations with their associated colonial power:
Match the following locations with their associated colonial power:
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Which two countries were in competition for control over India by the mid-18th century?
Which two countries were in competition for control over India by the mid-18th century?
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The Portuguese played a significant role in the competition for control over India by the mid-18th century.
The Portuguese played a significant role in the competition for control over India by the mid-18th century.
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What led to the three Carnatic Wars?
What led to the three Carnatic Wars?
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By the middle of the 18th century, both the ____ and the ____ tried to exploit the political instability in regions such as Hyderabad and Carnatic.
By the middle of the 18th century, both the ____ and the ____ tried to exploit the political instability in regions such as Hyderabad and Carnatic.
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Match the following European powers with their status in India by the mid-18th century:
Match the following European powers with their status in India by the mid-18th century:
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Who killed Anwaruddin during the Second Carnatic War?
Who killed Anwaruddin during the Second Carnatic War?
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The English supported Muzaffar Jung during the power struggles in the Hyderabad Kingdom.
The English supported Muzaffar Jung during the power struggles in the Hyderabad Kingdom.
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What was the outcome of the battle of Ambur?
What was the outcome of the battle of Ambur?
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Salabath Jung was appointed the Nizam of Hyderabad with the help of the __________.
Salabath Jung was appointed the Nizam of Hyderabad with the help of the __________.
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Match the figures with their roles during the Second Carnatic War:
Match the figures with their roles during the Second Carnatic War:
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What was one of Robert Clive's significant achievements during the Carnatic Wars?
What was one of Robert Clive's significant achievements during the Carnatic Wars?
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The Treaty of Paris in 1763 resulted in France retaining control over Pondicherry.
The Treaty of Paris in 1763 resulted in France retaining control over Pondicherry.
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What year did the Third Carnatic War start?
What year did the Third Carnatic War start?
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Robert Clive's victory at the Battle of _______ in 1757 contributed significantly to British dominance in India.
Robert Clive's victory at the Battle of _______ in 1757 contributed significantly to British dominance in India.
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Match the following events with their significant outcomes during the Third Carnatic War:
Match the following events with their significant outcomes during the Third Carnatic War:
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What was the primary role of Dastaks for the East India Company?
What was the primary role of Dastaks for the East India Company?
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The Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757 between the British and the French forces.
The Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757 between the British and the French forces.
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Who was the Nawab of Bengal at the time of the Battle of Plassey?
Who was the Nawab of Bengal at the time of the Battle of Plassey?
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The rivalry between the French and the British in India led to the ______ War.
The rivalry between the French and the British in India led to the ______ War.
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Match the following events with their significance:
Match the following events with their significance:
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What event is referred to as the Black Hole Tragedy?
What event is referred to as the Black Hole Tragedy?
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Mir Jaffar became Nawab of Bengal without the involvement of Robert Clive.
Mir Jaffar became Nawab of Bengal without the involvement of Robert Clive.
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What action by the British regarding Fort Calcutta angered Siraj ud-Daulah?
What action by the British regarding Fort Calcutta angered Siraj ud-Daulah?
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Siraj ud-Daulah was angry about the misuse of __________ by the British, which caused losses to the government treasury.
Siraj ud-Daulah was angry about the misuse of __________ by the British, which caused losses to the government treasury.
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Match the following outcomes with their corresponding events:
Match the following outcomes with their corresponding events:
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What was one of the outcomes of the Battle of Buxar?
What was one of the outcomes of the Battle of Buxar?
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Mir Qasim was successful in his attempt to resist British control after the Battle of Buxar.
Mir Qasim was successful in his attempt to resist British control after the Battle of Buxar.
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Who were the allies of Mir Qasim in opposing the British?
Who were the allies of Mir Qasim in opposing the British?
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The __________ was the term used to describe the British right to collect land taxes in Bengal.
The __________ was the term used to describe the British right to collect land taxes in Bengal.
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Match the following leaders with their outcomes after the Battle of Buxar.
Match the following leaders with their outcomes after the Battle of Buxar.
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Study Notes
Trade and Commerce Relations Between India and Europe
- India and Europe have maintained trade and commerce relations since ancient times
- Indian spices were in high demand in Europe
- The fall of Constantinople (1453) disrupted established trade routes between Asia and Europe
- European nations sought to find a new sea route to India to end the Italian merchant monopoly
The Arrival of Europeans to India
- Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese sailor, discovered a new sea route to India in 1498, sailing from Lisbon to Kappadu near Calicut on India's west coast
- This route became a vital trade route between India and Europe for many years
- The Portuguese, Dutch, French, and English entered the Indian trade market, competing for dominance
The Portuguese in India
- The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive and the last to leave India by sea
- Francisco de Almeida, the Portuguese Viceroy, established a "Blue Water Policy" to control sea routes for supremacy
- Alfonso de Albuquerque consolidated Portuguese power in India, capturing Goa in 1510
The Dutch in India
- The Dutch East India Company established trading centers in key locations like Surat, Broach, Kambe, Kochin, Nagapatnam, Masulipatnam, and Chinsore
- Marthanda Varma, a ruler of Travancore, significantly resisted the Dutch's attempts to monopolize the spice trade in Kerala and Tamil Nadu
Marthanda Varma and the Dutch
- Marthanda Varma successfully fought and defeated the Dutch forces in several battles, including the Battle of Kolachchal
- He established treaties securing Travancore's spice trade rights and expelled the Dutch
- His strategic actions strengthened Travancore's position and contributed to the region's economic growth
The English in India
- The East India Company was granted a royal charter in 1600 by Queen Elizabeth I to trade with Eastern countries
- They established factories in Surat, Agra, Ahmedabad, and Broach
- The English acquired territories and established important forts, including Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta
- By the close of the 17th century, these cities emerged as prominent centers controlling significant portions of the country
The French in India
- The French East India Company established its first factory in Surat in 1668
- They established factories in Machilipatnam, Chandernagore, Mahe, Karaikal, Cassimbazar, and Balasore, and took control of Valikandapuram, which became Pondicherry
- Dupleix, the Governor General of the French, aimed for French dominance in the South Indian region, leading to conflicts with the English
Carnatic Wars
- The French and English competed for political supremacy over India, which resulted in three Carnatic Wars
- The First Carnatic War (1746-1748) ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, a stalemate
- The Second Carnatic War (1749-1754) saw several power struggles and alliances between local rulers and European powers
- The Third Carnatic War (1756-1763) saw the French lose their major bases in India and their influence diminished significantly
- Robert Clive, a clerk in the East India Company, played a significant role in the Carnatic Wars, particularly at the siege of Arcot
- Clive's actions led to the establishment of British rule over South India and the Bengal victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757
The British Gain Control in India
- The British sought to control the wealthy Bengal province in the later part of the 18th century
- Bengal was experiencing significant growth in agriculture, trade, and industry
- The East India Company made substantial profits due to Dastaks, licenses issued by the Mughal ruler Farrukhsiyar
- The misuse of Dastaks lead to conflicts between the Nawabs of Bengal and the East India Company
Battle of Plassey (1757)
- Siraj-ud-Daulah became the Nawab of Bengal in 1756
- Conflict arose between Siraj-ud-Daulah and the British East India Company due to the misuse of Dastaks, the mending of Fort Calcutta without permission, and the Black Hole Tragedy
- The Battle of Plassey was fought between Siraj-ud-Daulah and the British East India Company in 1757
- The battle resulted in Siraj-ud-Daulah's defeat and death, Mir Jaffar becoming the new Nawab of Bengal, and the company gaining exclusive trade rights in Bengal
- Mir Jaffar had to pay a war indemnity of 17 crores and 70 lakhs Rupees to Siraj-ud-Daulah
Battle of Buxar (1764)
- Mir Qasim, an efficient administrator, opposed the British's misuse of Dastaks and declared himself an independent king
- Mir Qasim allied with Shah Alam II and Shuj-ud-daula to oppose the British
- The combined forces faced the British led by Hector Munro at Buxar in 1764
- Mir Qasim was defeated, Shah Alam II surrendered, and Shuj-ud-daula had to pay a 50 lakhs Rupees war indemnity to the company
- The British gained control of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha
- Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights over Bengal to the British, allowing control over land taxes
Dual Government System
- Robert Clive introduced the "Dual Government" system in Bengal in 1765
- The British gained control over land taxes, while the Nawabs remained in charge of other administrative duties
- This gave the British significant control and influence over India
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Description
Explore the historical trade and commerce relations between India and Europe, focusing on significant events such as the fall of Constantinople and the arrival of Vasco da Gama in 1498. This quiz covers the impact of European nations on Indian trade and the strategies employed to establish dominance in the region.
