Trade and Distribution Methods

The exchange of goods and services between a buyer and seller, usually for a specific price.

Trade that occurs within the borders of a single country.

Trade that occurs between different countries.

Buying goods and services from another country.

Selling goods and services to another country.

Businesses that buy large quantities of goods from manufacturers and sell them to retailers.

Businesses that sell goods directly to consumers.

Individuals or businesses that represent another party in business transactions.

A country's ability to produce a product at a lower cost compared to other countries, making it advantageous to manufacture and export.

The unequal distribution of natural resources across different countries, leading to specialization and trade.

Importers buy goods from a foreign country and re-sell them to other countries, often after processing or repackaging. This involves trading between countries without actual production within the country.

A country serves as an intermediary, buying goods from one country and reselling them to another country. This involves trading, but not actual production within the country.

Trade conducted without any barriers or restrictions. It aims to maximize global efficiency and welfare.

Retailing that takes place through the internet. Customers browse and purchase goods online.

Selling products directly to the consumer without involving intermediaries like retailers.

A type of retail where goods are sold in a physical store (like supermarkets, drugstores, or clothing shops).

A type of retailing where goods are sold through automated machines instead of human interaction. Examples: Drink vending machines in schools or office buildings.

This refers to the purchase and sales of goods in large quantities, generally intended for resale or commercial use. The buyer is not the end consumer.

These are hubs or locations where wholesalers operate and sell their goods to retailers. Examples: Wholesale markets or dedicated commercial districts.

The services offered by wholesalers to producers include helping with stock management, inventory control, and product distribution. They also provide market information and feedback to producers.

A document issued when goods are damaged or broken during transport, indicating that the goods are not in the same condition as when they were loaded.

Confirmation from an authorized body that an agricultural product meets the required standards for consumption in a particular country.

A document issued by a warehouse confirming the storage of goods, allowing for transfer of ownership and goods.

A payment method where a bank orders another bank to pay a specified amount to a recipient under certain conditions.

A secure method of payment using online facilities.

Cards issued by banks for online transactions where money is deposited in advance.

A system for online banking that allows account holders to manage their finances, pay bills, make transfers, and access account information online.

A payment method widely used for online transactions, including credit cards like Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.

An agreement between two or more countries to facilitate trade and exchange of goods over a specific period.

A trade agreement involving only two countries.

A trade agreement involving three or more countries.

A trade agreement between the USA, Canada, and Mexico, enacted in 1994.

A trade agreement focused on promoting trade within the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).

A trade agreement promoting commerce in the Asia-Pacific region.

The original name of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA), established in 1975.

A member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA), it began as the Bangkok Agreement.

Business activities conducted using the internet, including transactions, communication, and administrative tasks.

Businesses that use the internet for all their operations, encompassing marketing, production, finance, and administration.

The process of finding a supplier for a specific good or service.

The steps involved in arranging a purchase, including communication, agreement on terms, and delivery details.

The methods used to settle financial obligations related to a trade transaction, such as payment and credit.

The advantages of conducting business electronically, such as increased efficiency, speed, and reach.

The process of using computer networks for internal business functions, including production, marketing, accounting, and human resource management.