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Questions and Answers
What is the function of a router when sending packets to a destination device?
What is the function of a router when sending packets to a destination device?
- To forward packets towards their destination (correct)
- To combine multiple packets into one
- To encrypt data packets for security
- To store packets for later delivery
What does a 'Request timed out' message indicate when using the tracert command?
What does a 'Request timed out' message indicate when using the tracert command?
- The router is configured to ignore ICMP Echo requests (correct)
- There is an error in the tracert command syntax
- The packet is lost during transmission
- The destination device is unreachable
When using the tracert command, how many hops does a packet take to reach www.example.com if it passes through nine routers?
When using the tracert command, how many hops does a packet take to reach www.example.com if it passes through nine routers?
- Ten hops total
- Nine hops total (correct)
- Eight hops total
- Seven hops total
If the second hop in a tracert command output is down, what is the expected result?
If the second hop in a tracert command output is down, what is the expected result?
Which statement is true regarding the final device when using the tracert command?
Which statement is true regarding the final device when using the tracert command?
What command is used to identify the path packets take to a destination in Windows?
What command is used to identify the path packets take to a destination in Windows?
Which protocol does the Windows tracert command use to send packets?
Which protocol does the Windows tracert command use to send packets?
What happens to the Time To Live (TTL) value during a tracert operation?
What happens to the Time To Live (TTL) value during a tracert operation?
When using tracert, what occurs if a packet's TTL reaches zero?
When using tracert, what occurs if a packet's TTL reaches zero?
What is one difference between tracert in Windows and tracert in Linux?
What is one difference between tracert in Windows and tracert in Linux?
What does the tracert command reveal about the network path taken by packets?
What does the tracert command reveal about the network path taken by packets?
If you perform a tracert command to a host on the same subnet, what should you expect to see?
If you perform a tracert command to a host on the same subnet, what should you expect to see?
How is the first hop displayed in the tracert results?
How is the first hop displayed in the tracert results?
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Study Notes
Tracert Command
- The
tracertcommand is a network troubleshooting tool used to determine the path that data packets take as they travel from a source computer to a destination computer - The
tracertcommand can also be used to identify network issues, such as a router that is down or a network that is congested
Tracert on Windows and Linux
- On Windows, the command is spelled
tracert - On Linux, the command is spelled
traceroute - Tracert on Windows uses the ICMP protocol for packet transmission
- Tracert on Linux uses UDP for packet transmission
How Tracert Works
- The
tracertcommand works by sending a series of ICMP packets to the destination computer with a varying Time To Live (TTL) value - Each time a packet passes through a router, the router decrements the TTL value
- If the TTL value reaches zero, the router sends an ICMP Time Exceeded message back to the source computer
- This message contains the IP address of the router that dropped the packet; this information is then used to identify the routers on the path between the source and destination computer
- The
tracetcommand displays the IP addresses of each router the packet passed through on the path
Using Tracert
- Tracert to a Host on the Same Subnet:
- This is a common use case to identify any issues within the local network
- In this scenario, the
tracertcommand should only show one hop: the default gateway's IP address
- Tracert to a Host on a Different Subnet:
- For hosts on different subnets within the same organization, the
tracertcommand will show multiple hops, representing the routers that connect the subnets
- For hosts on different subnets within the same organization, the
- Tracert to a Host on the Internet:
- Tracert to internet hosts will show a longer sequence of hops, representing the routers that connect the local network to the internet
- The final IP address displayed is the destination computer's IP address.
- Request Timed Out Messages:
- "Request Timed Out" messages indicate that a router is configured to not respond to ICMP Echo requests, likely for security reasons
Tracert Troubleshooting
- By analyzing the output of a
tracertcommand, IT professionals can pinpoint the exact location of a network issue - For example, if a router is down, the
tracertcommand will stop showing output beyond that router - This information can then be used to troubleshoot the network issue and ensure efficient network connectivity.
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