Untitled Quiz

The rigid outer layer of a plant cell, made of cellulose fibrils, that provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and resists internal pressure.

The thin, flexible, and extensible primary cell wall is the first cell wall to be formed. It allows the cell to grow. The secondary cell wall, thicker and rich in lignin, forms later and provides more strength and waterproofing.

Pits are small openings in the cell wall that allow for communication and transport between adjacent cells, enabling the passage of molecules and information.

The middle lamella is a pectin-rich layer that acts as a glue, holding adjacent cells together and creating a strong bond between them.

The nucleus is the control center of the plant cell, containing the genetic material (DNA) in the form of chromatin, which is a complex of DNA and proteins called histones.

The nuclear envelope, a double membrane surrounding the nucleus, regulates the movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

The nucleolus is a dark region within the nucleus, responsible for producing ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.

Ribosomes are tiny organelles made of rRNA and proteins. They are found either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER. They are essential for protein synthesis.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of interconnected membranes that extend throughout the cytoplasm. It serves as a transportation system and manufacturing site within the cell.

Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is involved in the production of proteins, particularly those intended for secretion outside the cell.

Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and plays a role in the synthesis of lipids, detoxification, and calcium storage.

Dictyosomes are stacks of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae that receive vesicles from the ER and package them for transport to various destinations. They modify proteins and may polymerize sugars to polysaccharides.

Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification. They are particularly important in plant cells, where they help detoxify harmful byproducts of photosynthesis.

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for cellular respiration, the process of converting energy from food into a usable form (ATP) for the cell.

Plastids are a group of organelles found in plants and algae. They are involved in a variety of functions, including photosynthesis, pigment storage, and starch synthesis.

Chloroplasts are green plastids that contain chlorophyll, the pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

Chromoplasts are colored plastids that contain pigments other than chlorophyll. They are responsible for the colors of flowers, fruits, and roots.

Leucoplasts are colorless plastids that store starch, lipids, and proteins.

The central vacuole is a large, fluid-filled sac that occupies a significant portion of a plant cell. It plays a role in maintaining cell shape, turgor pressure, storage of substances, and waste product removal.