Untitled Quiz

Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam Review (Keiser University)

• This document is a review for a fundamentals of nursing final exam
• It covers principles of healthcare ethics, rights and ethical rules of professional-patient relationships, intentional and unintentional torts, the nursing process, types and sources of data, nursing diagnosis statements, illness prevention, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), communication, safety, health assessment, patient education and health promotion, learning needs and assessment, timing and amount of information, fall prevention, health assessment, and hygiene and self-care.
• It also includes information on the chain of infection, medical asepsis, and surgical asepsis, transmission based precautions, factors affecting self-care, mobility, and factors affecting respiratory, cardiovascular, sensory, and integumentary function, pain management, and fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances.

Chapter 3: Principles of Healthcare Ethics

• Respect for persons: Individuals are treated as autonomous agents; those with limited autonomy are protected.
• Beneficence: To do or promote good to help others.
• Nonmaleficence: To avoid doing harm, remove from harm, and prevent harm.
• Justice: Making fair decisions about resource allocations for societies or groups.

Chapter 3: Rights and Ethical Rules

• Veracity: Telling the truth.
• Fidelity: Nurses commitment to patients.
• Privacy: Protecting sensitive patient information.
• Confidentiality: Maintaining patient privacy.

Chapter 3: Intentional and Unintentional Torts

• Assault: Threat of bodily harm.
• Battery: Harmful or offensive touching without consent (ex. CPR without consent).
• Defamation of character: False statements harming a person's reputation.
• Fraud: Deliberate deception.
• Invasion of privacy: Unwarranted intrusion into personal life.
• False imprisonment: Unlawful restraint of a person.

Chapter 5: Nursing Process

• The nursing process has several phases: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
• Subjective data (symptoms): include patient feelings and statements.
• Objective data (signs): include measurable and observable data.
• Two main data sources: the patient; family, significant others, other healthcare team members, and lab tests/literature.

Chapter 5: Nursing Diagnosis Statement

• A concise statement of health concerns used to guide nursing interventions.
• Contains diagnostic label, related factors, and defining characteristics.
• Includes patient's problem, why it's important, and plan of action.

Chapter 11: Illness Prevention

• Primary prevention: aims to prevent illness, (ex. immunizations, education).
• Secondary prevention: aims to detect illness early (ex. screenings, mammograms).
• Tertiary prevention: aims to manage chronic illness (ex. cardiac rehab, support groups).
• Includes Integrative healthcare (IHC), a holistic approach to treatment, prevention, and promotion.
• Includes Traditional/allpathic medicine, Iatrogenic illness

Chapter 17: Safety

• Fall prevention measures: removing obstacles from walkways, installing handrails, and ensuring adequate lighting where necessary, avoiding unsafe tools.

Chapter 18: Obtaining Subjective Data

• During an interview be professional, attentive, and maintain good eye contact.
• Use open-ended and closed- ended questions appropriately.
• Be attentive to cultural differences while obtaining patient history, and get necessary translators.

Chapter 19: Vital Signs

• Temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure are measured.
• Factors affecting temperature, pulse, and respiratory measurements are age, time of day, exercise, stress, medications, recent food/drink consumption, pain, and other factors to be reviewed.

Chapter 20: Asepsis and Infection Control

• Medical asepsis: Techniques used to decrease transmission of infection to patients include hand hygiene, disinfection and sterilization.
• Surgical asepsis: Refers to “sterile technique.”
• Transmission based precautions are methods of preventing transmission of infections such as airborne, droplet, and contact routes.
• Chain of infection involves: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host

Chapter 24: Hygiene and Self Care

• Factors that affect self care include environmental issues, such as lack of access to appropriate resources(foods, healthcare, transportation).
• Motivation is a significant factor in maintaining adequate self-care.
• Mental health, cognitive abilities, energy levels, pain, acute illness, surgery, and neuromuscular problems affect self-care.

Chapter 25: Mobility

• Body mechanics: Use of proper alignment, posture, and balance to avoid injury.
• Factors affecting mobility: lifestyle, habits, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, circulation, etc..
• Altered mobility: problems such as decreased muscle strength, tone, lack of coordination.
• Activity tolerance and other factors should also be considered.

Chapter 26: Integumentary Function

• Issues with integumentary function can be caused by circulation problems; nutrition problems, allergic reactions, and environmental factors, or from infection

Chapter 27: Infection Prevention and Management

• Human defenses against infection include anatomical barriers, chemical factors, local tissue factors, etc.
• Factors affecting normal resistance to infection: types of infectious agents, compromised host, breaks in skin, and stasis of body fluids.

Chapter 28: Pain Management

• Patients experience somatic pain which is pain felt in skin, bones, joints, and muscles.
• Other types of pain exist such as visceral and neuropathic pain.

Chapter 29: Sensory Perception

• Sensoristasis: The optimal level of sensory arousal.
• Adaptation: Sensory receptors adapting less to repeated stimuli.
• Factors affecting sensory perception: cultural considerations, environment etc.
• Types of sensory deprivation and overload disorders are detailed; as well as nursing care and interactions for clients experiencing these conditions.

Chapter 30: Respiratory Function

• Factors affecting respiratory function (various).
• Altered respiratory function (various problems detailed)
• Health promotion methods.

Chapter 31: Cardiovascular Function

• Factors affecting cardiovascular function.
• Changes in vital signs, skin, and cardiac issues.
• Nursing interventions for cardiovascular function problems.

Chapter 32: Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

• Body fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance, and their functions.
• Electrolyte levels and their relationship to patient health and well-being.
• Imbalances are described.

Chapter 41: Stress Coping and Adaptation

• The constant process of maintaining physiologic parameters to allow survival.
• Characteristics of stress, coping, and adaptation.
• Stress response, resilience vs vulnerability, allostatic load.
• Coping mechanisms (various).
• Factors affecting coping patterns.

Chapter 40, 42: Loss and Grieving

• Characteristics of normal grief and loss.
• Factors affecting grieving.
• Working through grief stages