Toxins and Gram Positive Bacteria Classification
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is true of Staphylococcus aureus?

  • It is part of the normal vaginal flora.
  • It forms in grape-like clusters. (correct)
  • It grows in the absence of bile salts.
  • It is catalase-negative and coagulase-positive.

Which species of Staphylococcus can cause severe infections in immunosuppressed patients and those with central venous catheters?

  • Staphylococcus epidermidis (correct)
  • Staphylococcus gallolyticus
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Which statement is true about Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

  • It is a facultative anaerobic organism.
  • It is catalase-negative and coagulase-positive.
  • It is predominantly implicated in respiratory tract infections.
  • It is a commensal of the skin. (correct)

What characteristic distinguishes Staphylococcus epidermidis from Staphylococcus aureus?

<p>Catalase-positive and coagulase-negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species of Staphylococcus is predominantly implicated in genitourinary tract infections in sexually active young women?

<p>Staphylococcus saprophyticus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What agar medium does Staphylococcus grow on in the presence of bile salts and 6.5% NaCl?

<p><em>Mannitol Salt Agar</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism allows Staphylococcus aureus to resist phagocytosis?

<p>Presence of M protein on cell surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Mycobacterium tuberculosis in terms of its cell wall components?

<p>Production of mycolic acid resisting digestion by phagocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bacterial coagulases contribute to the infection process?

<p>Coagulate fibrinogen to form a clot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does hyaluronidase play in the spread of microorganisms?

<p>Hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid for spreading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial component mediates attachment and helps resist phagocytosis?

<p>Presence of M protein on the cell surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme helps microorganisms to spread by hydrolyzing hyaluronic acid?

<p>&quot;Hyaluronidase&quot; functioning as a spreading factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme breaks down the protein collagen, a major component of connective tissue?

<p>Collagenase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surface proteins do Salmonella and E.coli produce to alter actin filaments during host cell invasion?

<p>Invasins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are responsible for causing membrane ruffling in host cells during microbial invasion?

<p>Invasins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are used by pathogens to take iron away from iron transport proteins?

<p>Siderophores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of microorganisms to produce toxins known as?

<p>Toxigenicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most common way bacteria damage host cells according to the text?

<p>Penetrating into host cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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