Toxicology: Effects of Substance Abuse

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Questions and Answers

After a certain amount of units, which organs are damaged?

Liver, myocardium, and nervous system

Liver and myocardium

Liver, heart, and skeletal muscles

Liver, myocardium, and endocrine glands (correct)

At what point do organ damages occur in adults?

After 20 units

After 70 units

After 30 units

After 50 units (correct)

What is true about the amount of units in children compared to adults?

Children have the same amount of units

Children have no units

Children have a higher amount of units

Children have a lesser amount of units (correct)

What type of glands are damaged?

Endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of organ damage?

Liver, myocardium, endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the platelet count threshold for considering platelet transfusion?

100,000 /µL Signup and view all the answers

Why might platelet transfusion be necessary?

To prevent bleeding Signup and view all the answers

In which situation might platelet transfusion be required?

Before surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a low platelet count?

Increased risk of bleeding Signup and view all the answers

When might platelet transfusion be considered?

If there is bleeding or surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of aggressive early replacement in massive blood transfusion?

To maintain normal tissue perfusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of too little blood transfusion too late?

Far more serious consequences than massive blood transfusion itself Signup and view all the answers

Why is aggressive early replacement essential in massive blood transfusion?

To maintain normal tissue perfusion and prevent development of coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inadequate blood transfusion?

Far more serious consequences than massive blood transfusion itself Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consideration in massive blood transfusion?

To replace blood loss quickly and adequately Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of bacterial contamination in Packed RBC units according to a local study?

9% Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly found in the soil?

Bacterial contamination Signup and view all the answers

What is Bacillus subtilis considered to be?

Not pathogenic or toxic to humans Signup and view all the answers

What type of study is mentioned in the content?

Local study Signup and view all the answers

What is packed in Packed RBC units?

Red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the causes of post transfusion hepatitis?

Hepatitis viruses (A, B, C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is not a cause of post transfusion hepatitis?

Rabies virus Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of post transfusion hepatitis, besides hepatitis viruses?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of post transfusion hepatitis?

Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of post transfusion hepatitis, which is not a type of hepatitis virus?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Transfusion and Complications

After 50 units in adults, and a lesser amount in children, the liver, myocardium, and endocrine glands are damaged.

Platelet Transfusion

Platelet transfusion is given when platelet count falls below 100,000/µL, especially in cases of bleeding or surgical intervention.

Bacterial Contamination in Packed RBC Units

Bacterial contamination in packed RBC units is a common issue, with a local study showing a 9% contamination rate.
Bacillus subtilis, a contaminant, is not pathogenic or toxigenic to humans.

Massive Blood Transfusion

The most important consideration in massive blood transfusion is to replace blood loss quickly and adequately to maintain normal tissue perfusion and prevent coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia.

Complications of Blood Transfusion

Delayed or inadequate blood transfusion can have more severe consequences than the transfusion itself.
Post-transfusion hepatitis can be caused by:
- Hepatitis viruses (A, B, C)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

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Description

This quiz assesses your understanding of the effects of substance abuse on the human body. Specifically, it explores the damage caused to the liver, myocardium, and endocrine glands after a certain amount of units in adults and children.