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Questions and Answers
What is the process by which xenobiotics are taken up, transported, and transformed within the body?
What is the process by which xenobiotics are taken up, transported, and transformed within the body?
- Metabolism
- Toxicokinetics (correct)
- Detoxification
- Toxicodynamics
What is the effect of genotoxicity on protein synthesis after adduct formation?
What is the effect of genotoxicity on protein synthesis after adduct formation?
- Altered protein synthesis (correct)
- Enhanced protein synthesis
- Inhibited protein synthesis
- No effect on protein synthesis
What type of compounds are classified by electron affinity?
What type of compounds are classified by electron affinity?
- Bioactive compounds
- Pharmaceuticals
- Inorganic chemicals
- Reactive organic chemicals (correct)
What is the result of xenobiotics binding to DNA?
What is the result of xenobiotics binding to DNA?
What is the term for the damage caused by the reaction of xenobiotics with oxygen in the cell?
What is the term for the damage caused by the reaction of xenobiotics with oxygen in the cell?
What is the characteristic of electrophilic compounds?
What is the characteristic of electrophilic compounds?
What is the role of glutathione in electrophile neutralization?
What is the role of glutathione in electrophile neutralization?
What is the term for the removal of fat from the skin, leading to dermatitis?
What is the term for the removal of fat from the skin, leading to dermatitis?
What type of adducts can form between electrophiles and nucleophiles?
What type of adducts can form between electrophiles and nucleophiles?
What is the term for the inflammation of terminal bronchioles and alveoli, leading to chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema?
What is the term for the inflammation of terminal bronchioles and alveoli, leading to chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema?
What is the purpose of chromates in chrome plating?
What is the purpose of chromates in chrome plating?
What is the characteristic of direct-acting electrophilic agents?
What is the characteristic of direct-acting electrophilic agents?
What is the term for the severe local effects caused by contact with a corrosive substance?
What is the term for the severe local effects caused by contact with a corrosive substance?
What is the target of electrophiles in protein molecules?
What is the target of electrophiles in protein molecules?
What is the result of occupational exposure to high concentrations of benzene?
What is the result of occupational exposure to high concentrations of benzene?
What is the result of the binding of xenobiotics to proteins?
What is the result of the binding of xenobiotics to proteins?
What is the term for the reaction of xenobiotics with oxygen in the cell, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species?
What is the term for the reaction of xenobiotics with oxygen in the cell, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species?
What type of groups do DNA bases contain?
What type of groups do DNA bases contain?
What is the result of depletion of glutathione in cells?
What is the result of depletion of glutathione in cells?
What is the term for the process by which the body eliminates xenobiotics?
What is the term for the process by which the body eliminates xenobiotics?
What is the primary effect of fat-soluble solvents on the human body?
What is the primary effect of fat-soluble solvents on the human body?
Which of the following substances is NOT an example of a sensitizer?
Which of the following substances is NOT an example of a sensitizer?
What is the mechanism of asphyxiation caused by carbon monoxide?
What is the mechanism of asphyxiation caused by carbon monoxide?
Which of the following is an example of a substance that causes asphyxiation by methemoglobin formation?
Which of the following is an example of a substance that causes asphyxiation by methemoglobin formation?
What is the primary effect of hydrogen cyanide on the human body?
What is the primary effect of hydrogen cyanide on the human body?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a carcinogen?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a carcinogen?
What is the primary effect of diisocyanates on the human body?
What is the primary effect of diisocyanates on the human body?
Which of the following is an example of a substance that causes mutagenic effects?
Which of the following is an example of a substance that causes mutagenic effects?
What is the primary effect of benzene on the human body?
What is the primary effect of benzene on the human body?
Which of the following is an example of a substance that causes narcotic and anesthetic effects?
Which of the following is an example of a substance that causes narcotic and anesthetic effects?
What is the primary mechanism of action of alkylating agents in causing toxicity?
What is the primary mechanism of action of alkylating agents in causing toxicity?
Which of the following is an example of a direct-acting electrophilic agent?
Which of the following is an example of a direct-acting electrophilic agent?
What is the role of P-450 enzymes in the toxicity of indirect-acting electrophilic agents?
What is the role of P-450 enzymes in the toxicity of indirect-acting electrophilic agents?
Which of the following is an example of a target organ for toxicity of lead?
Which of the following is an example of a target organ for toxicity of lead?
What is the primary factor that determines the degree of toxicity of a chemical?
What is the primary factor that determines the degree of toxicity of a chemical?
How can biotransformation of a chemical affect its toxicity?
How can biotransformation of a chemical affect its toxicity?
What is the term for the process by which a toxicant reacts with two different positions in the DNA?
What is the term for the process by which a toxicant reacts with two different positions in the DNA?
Which of the following is an example of a systemic toxic agent?
Which of the following is an example of a systemic toxic agent?
What is the term for the ability of a toxicant to alkylate DNA?
What is the term for the ability of a toxicant to alkylate DNA?
What is the primary way in which the sensitivity of the receptor at the target organ can affect toxicity?
What is the primary way in which the sensitivity of the receptor at the target organ can affect toxicity?
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