Tourist Transport: Types and Factors

• These study notes cover factors affecting tourist transport, types and categories of tourism and aviation transport, airport operations, and regulatory bodies.

Factors Affecting Tourist Transport

• Seasonality, price elasticity, and high capital intensity influence tourist transport.

Categories of Tourism Transport

• Independent travel (DIY) and mass travel/tour packages are the primary categories.

Types of Tourism Transport

• General Passenger: Aimed at the general traveler.
• Dedicated Tourist Transport: Designed for tour packages.
• Experiential Tourist Transport: Focused on creating unique experiences.
• Luxury Tourist Transport: High-quality and comfortable travel.
• Recreational Transport: Generally utilized for tourism.
• Multipurpose Tourist Transport: Includes motorhomes and RVs.

Factors Influencing Tourism Transport Selection

• Distance considerations influence mode choice.
• Departure/arrival times (schedule) are important.
• Frequency offers convenience by reducing wait times.
• Availability provides travelers with options.
• Speed is a crucial consideration.
• Safety and Security: Paramount importance for passengers.
• Convenience: Hassle-free experiences are highly valued.

Other Considerations for Tourist Transport

• Cost affects the tourist's choice.
• Status and Prestige: Plays a role in service selection.

Air Transportation (Aviation)

• Aviation originates from the French word "avi" meaning bird.
• It encompasses mechanical flight and the aircraft industry.

Categories of Aviation

• General Aviation: Civil aviation excluding scheduled services for hire.
• Commercial Aviation: Flying for business purposes.
• Military Aviation is used for national security and military operations.

Categories of Aviation by Aircraft Type

• Lighter than air aircraft achieve flight via buoyancy.
• Heavier than air aircraft use aerodynamic lift.
• Zeppelins: Used for both military and commercial purposes.

Gallery of Aviation Development Personalities

• Key figures include Leonardo da Vinci, the Wright brothers, and Otto Lilienthal.

Aviation History in the Philippines

• Aviation began as early as 1911, with commercial aviation following in 1914.

Categories of Aircraft

• Acrobatic Airplanes: Not restricted by flight maneuvers.
• Commuter Airplanes: Limited to 19 passengers and weight limits.
• Experimental Airplanes: Not fully proven in flight.
• Light Sport Aircraft: Given special airworthiness certificates.
• Limited Airplanes: Modified or converted military aircraft for civilian use.
• Normal Aircraft: Similar to acrobatic planes in size.
• Primary Airplanes: Given special airworthiness certificates.
• Restricted Airplanes: Used for agriculture and weather control.
• Transport Airplanes: For transporting items.
• Utility Airplanes: Can be used for aerobatics with passenger limits.

Types of Aircraft

• Jet, Propjet, Propeller, Helicopter, and Amphibian/Seaplane are all aircraft types.

Regulatory Bodies in Aviation

• Global Industry Associations and Organizations: Coordinate among airlines and countries.
• IATA: Represents, leads, and regulates the airline industry.
• ICAO: UN agency governing international civil aviation.
• CAB: Philippine body issuing certificates and permits for domestic/international airlines.

Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP)

• CAAP is responsible for technical and operational aspects.

Airline Industry

• Airlines are the primary entities in the aviation industry.
• Airlines provide transportation for people and goods.

Types of Airline Carriers

• Domestic Airlines: Operate within the same country.
• Regional Airlines: Operate within a geographical region.
• International Airlines: Operate across greater distances than regional airlines.

Classification of Commercial Airlines

• Legacy or Full-Service Airlines: Offer international scheduled service.
• Low-Cost Carriers: Offer lower fares.
• Air Taxes or Air Charters: Do not provide scheduled services.
• Boutique Airlines: Use small airplanes, giving the impression of being low-cost.
• Point-to-Point Carriers: Service passengers from origin city to destination only.
• Network Carriers: Operate on a network structure.
• Flag Carriers: Government-owned airlines.

Trends in Air Travel

• Pre-COVID-19: Travel preference, buying behavior, tech usage, personalization.
• Post-COVID-19: Health safety, digitalization, and altered travel behavior are trends.

Space Tourism

• An emerging niche offering astronaut-like experiences.

Airport Facilities and Roles

• Airports are the main gateways for cities.
• Airports function as gateways/hubs and transportation interchanges.

Parts of an Airport

• Runway: Heavily paved area for takeoff/landing.
• Taxiway: Connects runways to other areas.
• Apron: Area for airplane parking.
• Hangar: Area for aircraft repair.
• Control Tower: Monitors air traffic.
• Parking: Area for employee vehicles.
• Terminal Building: First point of contact.
• Airport Design: Size depends on passenger volume.

Passenger Activity at the Airport

• Departure Level: Check-in area for presenting reservations.
• Arrival Level: Baggage claim and customs for international passengers.

Airport Personnel

• Landside Operations: Ground staff provide customer service.
• Airside Operations: Staff ensure aircraft safety.
• Tasks: Refueling, parking aircraft, maintenance checks, cargo loading.

Airport Ownership and Management

• Airports were initially government-owned; privatization became popular in the 1980s.

Revenues for Airports

• Airports primarily offer services.

Classification of Airport Fees

• Aeronautical Revenue: Fees from flight operations.
  • Landing Fees and Fuel Fees are common.
  • Land lease and Terminal Rent are either aeronautical or non-aeronautical.
• Non-Aeronautical Revenue: Charges for activities outside flight operations.
  • Parking, Retail Concessions, and Service are all included.