30 Questions
What was Erik Cohen's theory known for?
Categorizing types of tourists based on sociology and anthropology knowledge
Why is the recognition of day visitors as part of tourism important?
Day visitors contribute significantly to overnight visitors' actions and impacts.
Which type of tourist is primarily interested in escaping boredom of daily life?
Organized mass tourist
According to MacCannell (1973, 1989), what was the development of tourism generally seen as?
A strategy to pursue authenticity.
Which type of tourist is 'highly adventurous' and values novelty over familiarity?
Drifter
Why are tourist movements and destination choices not accidental according to the text?
Because individual or collective motivations shape these movements.
What component does confining the study of tourism to only overnight visitors omit?
The impact of day visitors on local geographies.
How does tourism impact day-to-day lifestyles according to the text?
Tourism influences both leisure and work aspects of everyday life.
Which type of tourist hires a tour guide and has a pre-organized itinerary?
Organized mass tourist
Which type of tourist has motivations for travel other than simply diversion and prefers to travel alone?
Explorer
Why is understanding tourist motivation important in the study of tourism?
Tourist motivations shape spatial patterns and destination choices.
Which type of tourist is 'least adventurous' and prefers familiarity over novelty?
Organized mass tourist
What is one of the fundamental reasons why social scientists and planners cannot ignore tourism?
Tourism impacts occur across economic, social, cultural, and environmental contexts.
How many people globally are estimated to derive direct employment from the tourism business?
100 million
What role does tourism play in social and economic globalisation according to Shaw and Williams (2004)?
Major role
Why is the word 'tourism' subject to a diversity of definitions and interpretations?
It designates a variety of concepts.
Which discipline is NOT mentioned as an area of study related to tourism?
Biology
According to Higgins-Desbiolles (2006), how can tourism impact international relations?
Promote international peace and understanding
What makes the planning phase important in tourism?
It prefigures the actual visit and is followed by reliving the experience through memory.
In the context of tourism experience, what does the model emphasize about geography?
Geography plays a central role in shaping the tourist experience by locating it in specific places.
What differentiates tourism experience from just the visit itself?
Tourism experience includes memories of the visit and its integration into daily life.
How does the model suggest that the tourist experience extends beyond just the trip?
By incorporating aspects of daily life in the home environment post-trip.
What is highlighted as a key feature of tourism in relation to past and future travel behavior?
Tourism as something people have done in the past and might likely do again in the future.
Why does the model emphasize that the total tourism experience is much more than just the visit itself?
To showcase how memory plays a crucial role in shaping tourist perceptions.
What is the main difference between Forcism and Post-Fordism when it comes to manufacturing?
Forcism focuses on large volumes at low cost, while Post-Fordism recognizes diverse demands.
What is the purpose of Niche Tourism according to the text?
To offer tourists tailored vacation experiences based on specific interests.
Why are Tourism Attractions important for destinations?
To provide a unique draw for tourists and differentiate one destination from another.
Which type of attractions are based on the physical geography of a place?
Natural attractions
What defines Human (not originally intended for tourism) attractions?
Places or characteristics that had other purposes but now attract tourists.
How does Niche Tourism differ from Mass Market Tourism?
Niche tourism offers tailored experiences, while Mass Market Tourism provides one-size-fits-all packages.
Study Notes
Introduction to Tourism
- Tourism is a fundamental geographic phenomenon that impacts economic, social, cultural, and environmental contexts globally.
- Approximately 100 million people are directly employed in the tourism industry worldwide.
- Tourism plays a significant role in social and economic globalization, and can also promote international peace and understanding.
Definition of Tourism
- The term "tourism" is subject to diverse definitions and interpretations.
- Day visiting is an important component of tourism, as it can have similar impacts and local geographies as overnight visitors.
Tourism Motivation
- The question of why people travel is essential to understanding tourism.
- Tourist motivations shape the spatial patterns of tourist movement and concentrations at preferred destinations.
- Tourism is a holistic experience that involves planning, travel, experience, and recall.
Structure of Tourism Experience
- The planning phase is informed by various inputs, including travel, experience, and recall.
- The actual visit is prefigured by a planning phase and then subsequently relived through memory.
- The model shows how experience is strongly grounded in geography, and important aspects of the tourist experience occur in the home environment.
Tourism Perspectives
- Two perspectives of tourism can be seen:
- Demand Side Perspective: focuses on who the tourists are and what they want.
- ERIC COHEN: categorized types of tourists based on sociology and anthropology.
Tourist Typologies
- Four types of tourists:
- ORGANIZED MASS TOURIST: primarily interested in diversion and escaping daily life, highly dependent on tourism infrastructures.
- DRIFTER: highly adventurous, seeks novelty, and lives with locals.
- EXPLORER: has motivations for travel other than diversion, seeks unique experiences, and prefers to live with locals.
- INDIVIDUAL MASS TOURIST: primary motivation is relaxation, recreation, or diversion, and seeks familiar and comfortable experiences.
Niche Tourism
- Special Interest Tourism (Alternative Tourism) allows destinations to exploit unique resources and create a sense of distinction.
- Niche tourism allows tourists to choose a vacation experience tailored to their specific interests.
Tourism Attractions
- Four broad categories of tourism attractions:
- NATURAL ATTRACTIONS: based on physical geography, such as coast, mountains, forests, and so on.
- HUMAN (NOT ORIGINALLY INTENDED FOR TOURISM): places or characteristics of places that had some other purpose or function, such as historic structures, religious institutions, and local culture.
- MAN-MADE ATTRACTIONS: deliberately created to attract tourists, such as theme parks, museums, and so on.
- EVENT-BASED ATTRACTIONS: time-limited events, such as festivals, concerts, and so on.
Test your knowledge on the planning phase of tourism activities and the experience of destinations. The quiz covers inputs, travel components, and the structuring of experiences during a tourism event.
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