Tourism Overview - UNWTO & Britain Society

Study Notes

Defined as a movement of individuals outside their usual environment for personal, business, or professional objectives.
Temporary short-term movement to destinations beyond one’s regular living or working place.
Etymology of tourism derives from the Latin word "TORA," indicating exploration and learning.

Thomas Cook is recognized as the "Father of Tourism" and established the first organized travel agency, Thomas Cook and Son.
The first grand tour organized by Cook had 570 passengers, marking a significant moment in tourism history.
Prior to Cook’s agency, Cox & Kings was a prominent travel agency.

Originates from the Latin word "Hospes," meaning guest or visitor, and "Hospitare," which means welcoming guests.

Four examples of attractions and eight importance factors of tourism not specified.

Intangible: Tourism products cannot be physically inspected before purchase.
Inseparable: The product must be experienced in the location where it is offered.
Variable: Experiences can differ based on various factors, even at the same venue.
Perishable: Tourism products cannot be stored for future sale.
Seasonal: Influenced by seasonal trends and tourism behavior patterns.
Substitutable: Increasing competition leads to destinations being easily interchangeable.

Decision-making in tourism purchases involves significant thought and consideration due to high costs and complexity.
Tourism purchases often feature once-in-a-lifetime experiences, contributing to their unique nature.

Evolving from simple advertising to a comprehensive strategic process focused on customer satisfaction and retention.
Philip Kotler defines marketing as obtaining needs and wants through the exchange of value.
Kotler, Bowen, and Makens further describe marketing as an art and science of acquiring and retaining customers.

Marketing Information System: Collection and update of customer and competitor data.
Marketing Planning: Analyzing the marketing environment and setting objectives.
Planning Tactical Campaign: Developing practical campaigns aligned with marketing strategies.
Marketing Operations: Implementing marketing strategies and adjusting as necessary.
Monitoring and Control: Evaluating sales and marketing strategies, including customer feedback.

Information Management: Gathering and analyzing customer data for improved service.
Financing: Ensuring resources are available to support business operations.
Pricing: Establishing cost and value balance for products and services.
Promotion: Creating strategies to introduce and sell products effectively.
Product Service Management: Involves the design and improvement of offers to meet customer needs.
Distribution: Efficiently delivering products and services to customers.
Selling: Focus on closing sales and encouraging repeat purchases.

Kotler emphasizes examining consumer needs to facilitate the exchange process.
Each element (product, price, distribution, promotion) plays a crucial role in satisfying consumer requirements.