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Questions and Answers
What is a common consequence of scratching affected skin in athlete's foot?
Which antifungal medication is available in cream, solution, spray, and gel formulations for adults only?
What is a recommended non-pharmacologic measure to prevent athlete's foot?
What is the recommended treatment duration for Griseofulvin 1% spray?
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What is a common side effect of Miconazole, Clotrimazole, and Ketoconazole?
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Which of the following is NOT a pharmacologic management option for athlete's foot?
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What is the recommended frequency of application for topical antifungal medications?
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Which patient group is more prone to secondary infections and should be referred to a doctor?
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What should be done to prevent the spread of fungal spores to others?
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What is the common name for tinea cruris in the United States?
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What type of clothes can help prevent tinea cruris?
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What is dandruff composed of?
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What is associated with dandruff?
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What is the result of overactive sebaceous glands?
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What is the site of seborrheic dermatitis in adults?
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What is the treatment for tinea cruris?
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What is the recommended treatment duration for hydrocortisone in treating athlete's foot?
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What is the purpose of combining hydrocortisone with an antifungal agent in athlete's foot treatment?
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What is the recommended washing frequency for towels, clothes, and bed linen to prevent the spread of ringworm?
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What is the primary mode of transmission for ringworm of the body?
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What is the characteristic appearance of ringworm of the body?
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What is the recommended course of action for suspected cases of ringworm of the scalp?
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What is the purpose of microscopy and culture of skin scrapings and hair in diagnosing ringworm of the scalp?
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What type of medication is effective in treating ringworm of the body and scalp?
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Study Notes
Bacterial Involvement Indications
- Weeping, pus, or yellow crusts indicate bacterial infection; referral to a doctor is necessary.
- Recurrent athlete’s foot is common; inquire about previous episodes and responses to treatment.
- Diabetes patients with athlete’s foot are prone to secondary infections and should be referred.
When to Refer
- Severe cases affecting other foot areas should be referred.
- Signs of bacterial infection necessitate professional evaluation.
- Lack of response to appropriate treatments is a referral criterion.
- Patients with diabetes or involvement of toenails require referral for specialized care.
Treatment Timescale
- If athlete’s foot does not respond to treatment within 2 weeks, a doctor’s visit is recommended.
Non-Pharmacologic Management
- Avoid scratching the affected skin to prevent further irritation.
- Do not walk barefoot in public to minimize exposure to pathogens.
- Keep feet cool and dry.
- Use cotton socks, wash them regularly.
Pharmacologic Management
- Wide spectrum antifungal and antibacterial treatments are advised.
- Topical imidazole is effective; application should be 2–3 times daily in various formulations (creams, powders, sprays).
- Common imidazoles include miconazole, clotrimazole, and ketoconazole; mild irritation may occur.
- Ketoconazole is for adult use only.
Terbinafine
- Available in cream, solution, spray, and gel forms for adults over 16.
- Effective in preventing recurrence of athlete’s foot.
- Possible side effects include skin redness, itching, and stinging; avoid eye contact.
Griseofulvin
- Used as a once-daily spray for athlete’s foot; maximum treatment duration is 4 weeks.
Tolnaftate
- Available in powder, cream, aerosol, and solution; effective for athlete's foot.
- Oral antifungals may be required for persistent infections.
Tinea Cruris (Groin Ringworm)
- Presents as an itchy, red area in the genital region, often spreading to inner thighs.
- Caused by transfer of infection from athlete's foot or nails through scratching.
- Common in men, also known as ‘jock itch’.
- Patients should avoid sharing towels and wash them frequently.
- Loose cotton clothing can help manage moisture and prevent spread.
Dandruff Pathogenesis
- Composed of keratin particles shed from the skin; can be more common in oily hair.
- Overactive sebaceous glands in seborrhea produce excess sebum, leading to oily hair and dandruff.
- Seborrheic dermatitis appears in areas with many sebaceous glands, often presenting with red, scaly skin.
Treatment for Dandruff and Dermatitis
- Antifungal treatments may be limited in effectiveness; usually applied twice daily for 6 weeks.
- Topical corticosteroids like hydrocortisone are available OTC for mild to moderate eczema or dermatitis.
Ringworm (Tinea Corporis)
- Identified by a circular lesion starting as a red papule, with a central cleared area and advancing red edge.
- Direct contact with infected individuals or animals transmits the infection.
- Regular washing of towels, clothes, and bed linen helps eradicate the fungus.
- Topical imidazoles such as miconazole are effective treatments.
Tinea Capitis (Scalp Ringworm)
- Most common in preadolescent children but can affect older individuals.
- Suspected cases should be referred for professional evaluation.
- Can lead to hair loss; confirmation of diagnosis typically requires microscopy and culture.
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Description
This quiz covers the use and limitations of topical corticosteroids and antifungal medications for treating skin conditions such as dermatitis, eczema, and athlete's foot. Learn about their application, efficacy, and potential risks.
