30 Questions
What is the class of epinephrine?
Catecholamine, sympathomimetic, alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2 adrenergic agonist and histamine antagonist
What is the mechanism of action of Adenosine?
Adenosine works by slowing down atrioventricular conduction, resulting in cardioversion. By slowing down atrioventricular conduction, the reentry pathway becomes terminated, resulting in the SA node taking over electrical conduction as the primary pacemaker.
What is the indication for using Lidocaine?
In cases of ventricular tachycardia, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, pre ventricular complexes and ventricular fibrillation
What is the primary action of nitroglycerin?
Vasodilates vessels in coronary circulation
In what condition should nitroglycerin be used with extreme caution?
Confirmed right-sided myocardial infarction
Which of the following is NOT an indication for using nitroglycerin?
Hypertension
What is the effect of nitroglycerin on vascular smooth muscle?
Induces venodilation
Which of the following is a contraindication for using nitroglycerin?
Systolic blood pressure below 100
What is the main effect of nitroglycerin on the workload of the heart?
Reduces oxygen demand on the heart
What is a primary sign or symptom associated with acute coronary syndromes that nitroglycerin can help alleviate?
Chest pain
What is the primary mechanism of action of Amiodarone?
Slows sinus rate, action potential, and repolarization
What is the primary indication for using Atropine?
Cholinergic poisoning
Which condition would NOT be an appropriate indication for using Epinephrine?
Ventricular tachycardia
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of Lidocaine?
Increases threshold of ventricular fibrillation
In what type of tachycardia would Adenosine be most effective?
Supraventricular tachycardia
Which type of bradycardia would NOT be appropriately treated with Atropine?
Sinus bradycardia
What is the primary effect of Epinephrine on blood vessels?
Increased blood pressure via vasoconstriction
How does Magnesium Sulfate primarily contribute to the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension?
By antagonizing calcium release on calcium receptors
What is the primary mechanism of action of Ipratropium Bromide in the treatment of asthma?
Blocking acetylcholine release on bronchial smooth muscle
How does Albuterol Sulfate achieve its therapeutic effect in chronic bronchitis?
By binding to beta 2 adrenergic receptors in lungs
What distinguishes Magnesium Sulfate from Albuterol Sulfate in their mechanisms of action?
Magnesium Sulfate blocks acetylcholine release, while Albuterol Sulfate antagonizes calcium release.
Which condition is NOT an indication for using Ipratropium Bromide?
Hyperkalemia
How does Magnesium Sulfate affect the release of acetylcholine in the myocardium?
It inhibits acetylcholine release
Which medication is indicated as a first-line treatment for a confirmed myocardial infarction?
Acetylsalicylic Acid
What is the mechanism of action of Diltiazem in the treatment of atrial fibrillation?
Decreases extracellular sodium ion influx into the myocardium
Why is Diltiazem contraindicated in patients with WPW syndrome?
It leaves only one pathway of conduction, leading to potentially fatal dysrhythmias
Which condition is Acetylsalicylic Acid primarily used to manage?
Chest pain and signs associated with acute coronary syndromes
What effect does Acetylsalicylic Acid have on thromboxane A2 formation?
Blocks it
What is the primary effect of Diltiazem on atrial and ventricular conduction?
Slows it down
In what condition would Diltiazem be considered a second-line treatment?
Supraventricular tachycardia
Study Notes
- Epinephrine is a catecholamine indicated for anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, and asthma. It binds to adrenergic and histamine receptors, providing positive effects on the heart and bronchial smooth muscle, and increasing blood pressure.
- Lidocaine, an antidysrhythmic, works by blocking sodium channels to decrease excitability in ventricular dysrhythmias. It is used for various tachycardias and premature complexes.
- Adenosine, an endogenous nucleotide, is used for supraventricular tachycardia by slowing atrioventricular conduction and allowing the SA node to take over.
- Amiodarone, an antidysrhythmic, blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels to treat ventricular dysrhythmias by slowing heart rate and prolonging cardiac segments.
- Atropine, an anticholinergic, is indicated for bradycardia and poisoning by blocking acetylcholine on the SA node and other organs.
- Nitroglycerin, a vasodilator, is used for chest pain and heart failure by dilating coronary vessels and reducing heart workload.
- Magnesium sulfate is used for hypertension, seizures in pregnancy, and cardiac dysrhythmias by relaxing muscles and blocking acetylcholine release.
- Ipratropium bromide is a bronchodilator used for asthma and bronchitis by blocking acetylcholine on bronchial smooth muscles.
- Albuterol sulfate is a bronchodilator used for respiratory diseases by binding to beta 2 receptors and relaxing bronchial smooth muscles.
- Acetylsalicylic acid is an antiplatelet indicated for chest pain and heart conditions by preventing blood clot formation through thromboxane A2 inhibition.
- Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, is used for atrial dysrhythmias by reducing calcium influx and slowing cardiac conduction.
Learn about the sympathomimetic properties and medical indications of Epinephrine, a crucial medication in paramedicine. Explore its uses in anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, bronchospasm, and more.
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