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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of dimensional analysis?

  • To measure mass in kilograms
  • To calculate volume in liters
  • To convert between different units (correct)
  • To determine temperature in Celsius

    • What defines significant figures in a measurement?

  • The digits known with certainty and the first uncertain digit (correct)
  • Only the digits after the decimal point
  • The number of digits that are always zero
  • The total count of digits regardless of their certainty

    • How is density expressed in terms of mass and volume?

  • Density = Mass / Volume (correct)
  • Density = Mass + Volume
  • Density = Volume / Mass
  • Density = Volume × Mass

    • When using the water displacement method, what does the volume of displaced water represent?

    <p>The volume of the object (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the scientific method?

    <p>Make observations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes an educated guess about a future event?

    <p>Prediction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to read a concave meniscus in a liquid?

    <p>At the bottom of the curve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment, what is the independent variable?

    <p>The factor that is being tested or changed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the density of water is correct?

    <p>The density of water is 1 g/cm³ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an object has a mass of 20 grams and occupies a volume of 4 cm³, what is its density?

    <p>5 g/cm³ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a control group in an experiment?

    <p>A standard used for comparison (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about a hypothesis is true?

    <p>It is an educated guess that predicts cause and effect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of determining the volume of an irregular-shaped object?

    <p>Using a balance scale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of constants in an experiment?

    <p>To ensure reliability of results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a dependent variable in an experiment?

    <p>It is the outcome that is measured or observed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements about data collection is correct?

    <p>Data are pieces of information collected throughout the experiment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of prefixes in the SI system?

    <p>To indicate very large or very small quantities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the seven base units in the SI system?

    <p>Celsius (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In scientific notation, what is the requirement for the coefficient?

    <p>It must be both greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do most Americans still use the English system instead of the SI system?

    <p>Cultural habits and legacy practices influence daily measurement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of dimensional analysis?

    <p>To simplify problems by focusing on the units of measurement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which base unit is used to measure electric current in the SI system?

    <p>Amperes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the base number represented in scientific notation?

    <p>As an exponent of 10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a correct conversion from standard notation to scientific notation?

    <p>2.5 x 10^2 equals 250 (C), 5.0 x 10^3 equals 5,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Democritus propose about atoms?

    <p>Atoms are small 'atomos' and indivisible. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contribution of Ernest Rutherford to atomic theory?

    <p>The existence of a positively charged nucleus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Max Planck introduce to modern physics?

    <p>Energy is emitted in small discrete packets called quanta. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did J.J. Thomson contribute to the understanding of atomic structure?

    <p>He identified electrons using the cathode ray tube. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Heisenberg uncertainty principle state about electrons?

    <p>The position and momentum of an electron cannot both be exactly known. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major discovery did James Chadwick make concerning atomic structure?

    <p>He discovered the neutron as a component of the atom. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the modern atomic theory state about the behavior of electrons?

    <p>Electrons are located in clouds representing probability distributions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about light is true?

    <p>Light has both wave-like and particle-like properties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main trend in atomic size as you move from left to right across a period?

    <p>Atomic size decreases due to increased nuclear attraction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of elements typically forms +2 ions?

    <p>Group 2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ion do Group 17 elements typically form?

    <p>They gain one electron to form -1 ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does electronegativity change across a period?

    <p>Electronegativity increases due to increased nuclear charge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ionization energy as you move from left to right across a period?

    <p>Ionization energy increases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Group 15 elements concerning their ion formation?

    <p>They gain three electrons to form -3 ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about atomic properties is incorrect?

    <p>Valence electrons are held further from the nucleus across a period. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What valence electron configuration do Group 18 elements have?

    <p>8 valence electrons, with Helium being an exception. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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