To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis

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Questions and Answers

How does Jem describe the social hierarchy in Maycomb?

He categorizes people into ordinary folks, Cunninghams, Ewells, and Negroes.

How does Jem define 'background' and what is Scout's response to his theory?

Jem explains that background influences social status, but Scout believes there is just one kind of folks.

What conclusion does Jem draw about Boo Radley, and what leads him to this conclusion?

Jem concludes that Boo stays inside because he wants to avoid the cruelty of people.

Who are the Mrunas, and why is the missionary circle interested in them?

The Mrunas are a tribe the missionary circle wants to civilize and Christianize. Signup and view all the answers

Who and what is Mrs. Merriweather talking about when she says forgiveness is needed, and what is ironic about her statement?

She talks about the black community needing forgiveness for the trial's outcome, which is ironic because it was the white community's racism that caused injustice. Signup and view all the answers

What does Mrs. Merriweather mean when she refers to 'some good but misguided people' in town?

She refers to Atticus and others who support Tom Robinson but are seen as causing trouble. Signup and view all the answers

What does Miss Maudie say to silence Mrs. Merriweather, and how does Aunt Alexandra show her appreciation for Miss Maudie's defense of Atticus?

Miss Maudie makes a point about the hypocrisy in their conversation, and Aunt Alexandra thanks her with a look of gratitude. Signup and view all the answers

Why does Scout prefer the company of men as opposed to that of women?

Scout feels more comfortable with men who do not judge her as critically as women do. Signup and view all the answers

What did Calpurnia say to Miss Rachel's cook about Tom's despair?

Calpurnia mentioned that Tom had given up hope of ever becoming free again. Signup and view all the answers

What terrible news does Atticus bring about Tom Robinson?

He reveals that Tom is dead after being shot while trying to escape. Signup and view all the answers

Why do you think Tom ran for the fence, and why did he keep running despite the guards' warnings?

He may have believed he had no chance of freedom or wished to escape his despair. Signup and view all the answers

What does Alexandra mean when she asks, 'what else do they want from him, Maudie'?

She is referring to the townspeople's relentless demands on Atticus despite his moral stance. Signup and view all the answers

How does Miss Maudie reply to Alexandra's question?

Miss Maudie highlights that there are supportive people who appreciate Atticus. Signup and view all the answers

What stops Scout from killing a roly-poly bug?

Jem explains that the bug is defenseless and symbolizes innocence. Signup and view all the answers

What does Dill observe when he witnesses how Helen reacts to Atticus?

He notices she collapses, indicating her overwhelming grief. Signup and view all the answers

What had been the general attitude of the townspeople when they heard the news of Tom's death?

They were cruel and racist, viewing Tom's death as typical behavior. Signup and view all the answers

To what did Mr. Underwood compare Tom's death, and what is the significance of his comparison?

He compared it to the senseless slaughter of songbirds, emphasizing the destruction of innocence. Signup and view all the answers

What was Scout initially confused about when she read the editorial, and what became clear to her later?

She was confused about how Tom's killing could be seen as senseless, but later recognized the injustice he faced. Signup and view all the answers

What do Scout and Jem agree on at the beginning of chapter 26?

They agree that they are now too old to be frightened by the Radley house. Signup and view all the answers

How is Scout's teacher, Miss Gates, a hypocrite?

Miss Gates preaches equality while expressing racist views after the trial. Signup and view all the answers

Who does Bob Ewell blame for losing his job?

He blames Atticus Finch. Signup and view all the answers

What does Bob Ewell do to Tom Robinson's wife, Helen?

He follows her to work and harasses her with obscenities. Signup and view all the answers

Why does Dolphus Raymond drink Coca-Cola and pretend it is liquor?

He wants to give the townspeople a reason to excuse his lifestyle. Signup and view all the answers

How does Dolphus Raymond explain Dill's crying?

He says Dill cries about the hell white people give colored folks without even thinking. Signup and view all the answers

What does Dolphus Raymond mean when he says the trial will reveal the true nature of Maycomb?

He implies that the trial will expose the hidden racism in the town. Signup and view all the answers

What does Atticus do during his closing argument that astonishes Scout and Jem?

He loosens his vest and collar, takes off his coat. Signup and view all the answers

What does Atticus mean when he says, 'This case is as simple as black and white'?

He means that the evidence is clear, but it also refers to the racial implications of the case. Signup and view all the answers

According to Atticus, what motivated Mayella Ewell to accuse Tom Robinson?

Guilt for breaking a societal code by kissing a black man. Signup and view all the answers

How is Atticus's closing statement an attack on racism?

He exposes the lies and immoral assumptions that underpin racism. Signup and view all the answers

According to Atticus, what institution embodies the idea that 'All men are created equal'?

The courtroom. Signup and view all the answers

What does Atticus mean by 'A court is only as sound as its jury'?

The integrity of a court depends on the jurors' ability to be unbiased and reasonable. Signup and view all the answers

What does the note from Calpurnia to Atticus say?

It states that Jem and Scout are missing and have not been seen since noon. Signup and view all the answers

Why is Jem certain that Tom Robinson will be acquitted?

He believes the evidence presented is compelling and leaves no room for conviction. Signup and view all the answers

What does Reverend Sykes say about his experiences in court?

He has never seen a jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man. Signup and view all the answers

What is Scout remembering as everyone waits for the verdict?

She is recalling the day the rabid dog stalked down the street. Signup and view all the answers

What does Scout notice about the jurors' behavior when they come in?

None of the jurors looked at Tom Robinson. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Jem's reaction to Tom's punishment?

He struggles with the disillusionment and loss of innocence. Signup and view all the answers

What does Miss Maudie mean by 'we're making a step—it's just a baby step, but it's a step'?

She believes societal change is occurring, albeit gradually. Signup and view all the answers

What does Dill say he will do when he grows up?

He says he will join the circus and laugh. Signup and view all the answers

What did Mr. Ewell do to Atticus earlier that morning?

He spat in Atticus's face and threatened him. Signup and view all the answers

What is optimistic about Tom's case according to Atticus?

He believes Tom has a good chance with a higher court review. Signup and view all the answers

What will Tom's punishment be if he is found guilty on appeal?

He will be sentenced to death. Signup and view all the answers

What do Jem and Atticus discuss about the legal system?

They talk about the problems of circumstantial evidence and the fairness of jury verdicts. Signup and view all the answers

What does Atticus mean by 'one of these days we're going to pay the bill for it'?

He refers to the eventual consequences of racial injustices committed by white people. Signup and view all the answers

What are three reasons why many Maycomb citizens do not want to serve on a jury?

They are not interested, fear retribution, and prefer avoiding making decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What does Atticus say about one of the jurors holding out for acquittal?

He notes that a juror from the Cunningham clan showed respect towards the Finch family. Signup and view all the answers

What does Scout declare she will do about Walter Cunningham?

She plans to invite him home for dinner. Signup and view all the answers

What upset Scout more than anything else that Aunt Alexandra said?

Aunt Alexandra called Walter Cunningham 'trash'. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dolphus Raymond's Behavior

Dolphus Raymond pretends to be an alcoholic to give the townspeople a reason to justify his lifestyle choices and the mixed-race children he has.
Scout is intrigued by Raymond, despite recognizing the societal condemnation of his choices, signifying her innocence and curiosity.
He observes Dill's emotional response to the injustices people face, emphasizing the simplicity and pain of prejudice.

Trial Insights

Raymond asserts that the trial will expose Maycomb's hidden racism, offering a clear picture of societal issues through courtroom dynamics.
Atticus loosens his attire during his closing argument to appear relatable and connect with the jury as an ordinary man in Maycomb.
He remarks that the case is uncomplicated, but on a deeper level, underscores the straightforward yet troubled racial dynamics at play.

Mayella Ewell's Motivation

Atticus explains Mayella's accusations stem from her guilt for violating societal norms by interacting with a black man, ultimately leading her to accuse Tom Robinson to deflect blame.

Atticus's Closing Statement

Atticus confronts the court's racist assumptions by challenging the notion that all people lie or are immoral, emphasizing universal human flaws.
He asserts the court embodies equality, stating that all men stand equal within its walls, regardless of status or race.

Jury Dynamics

Atticus comments that the effectiveness of the jury directly influences justice, highlighting the responsibility jurors carry.
Jem exhibits optimism about the case's outcome, believing evidence will prevail over prejudice, reflecting his youthful idealism.
Reverend Sykes expresses skepticism based on his experiences, illustrating systemic racism within the judiciary.

Verdict and Reactions

As the jury enters, Scout's observations of their behavior signify her understanding of their verdict, indicating foreboding about Tom Robinson’s fate.
Atticus acknowledges that the trial's outcome was anticipated, hinting at the ingrained racial biases within the community.

Community Support

The black community's gesture of bringing food to the Finch household reflects their gratitude towards Atticus for his defense, evoking a deep emotional response from him.
Jem reflects on the disillusionment brought by the trial, likening it to a caterpillar's transformation, symbolizing lost innocence.

Miss Maudie's Optimism

Miss Maudie recognizes gradual progress in Maycomb's racial attitudes, citing supportive actions from figures like Judge Taylor as signs of change.

Dill’s desire to become a clown stems from his cynical view on adult hypocrisy, showcasing a child's response to societal absurdities.
Atticus explains to Jem the threats he faces from Mr. Ewell, portraying the tension between upholding morality and facing public backlash.

Legal System Critiques

Atticus shares optimism about a potential appeal for Tom, highlighting hope amidst systemic failures.
Discussion between Jem and Atticus reveals frustrations with the legal system's reliance on circumstantial evidence for capital cases.

Reflecting on Racism

Atticus warns Jem about the upcoming consequences of societal injustice, indicating a looming reckoning for the white population in their treatment of blacks.
Atticus describes challenges in jury duty participation among citizens who fear social repercussions, linking it to broader issues of accountability and individual responsibility.

Jem reveals Maycomb's rigid social structure, classified by family lineage and race, and emphasizes Scout's innocent perspective that blurs these distinctions.
Scout's recognition of Aunt Alexandra's prejudiced views prompts a confrontation with her understanding of social equity.

Conclusion and Reflections

Jem's evolving understanding leads him to believe that Boo Radley’s isolation is a reaction to the pervasive social conflict around them.
The Mrunas tribe represents a foreign entity under missionary scrutiny, hinting at larger themes of colonialism and cultural superiority in societal discourse.### Aunt Alexandra's Missionary Circle
Aunt Alexandra entertains her missionary circle, discussing the Mrunas, a fictitious African tribe.
The circle believes it can morally support the Mrunas while ignoring local racial injustices.

Mrs. Merriweather's Commentary

Mrs. Merriweather expresses that forgiveness from whites is needed by the black community after Tom Robinson's trial.
The irony lies in her view that blacks seek forgiveness when, in reality, it is the white community that should seek it for their racism.

Critique of Atticus

Mrs. Merriweather criticizes Atticus's defense of Tom Robinson, suggesting it incited trouble for whites.
She refers to "good but misguided people," implying that those who oppose racism, like Atticus, are misinterpreting justice.

Miss Maudie's Defense

Miss Maudie rebuts Mrs. Merriweather, highlighting her hypocrisy and garnering Aunt Alexandra's silent gratitude.
Maudie’s comment serves to defend Atticus against the circle’s judgment.

Scout's Preference for Men's Company

Scout feels more comfortable around men, who she perceives as straightforward and less hypocritical than the women in the missionary circle.
Her view reflects a child’s confusion with the adult world and societal norms.

Tom Robinson's Despair

Calpurnia reveals Tom lost hope before his imprisonment, indicating a sense of finality in his situation.
Tom's last words to Atticus signify his resignation to his fate.

Tom's Death Announcement

Atticus brings the news that Tom Robinson has been shot while attempting to escape from prison.
The narrative details the brutal circumstances of his death, emphasizing racial violence.

Interpretations of Tom's Escape

Speculation arises around Tom's reasons for running—either a desperate bid for freedom or a wish to end his suffering.
His actions reflect the hopelessness faced by black individuals in a prejudiced society.

The Community's Burden on Atticus

Aunt Alexandra questions the community's demands of Atticus, seeing their lack of appreciation for his moral stance.
The "they" referenced includes the town's residents who criticize Atticus’s efforts.

Miss Maudie on Support for Atticus

Miss Maudie reassures Aunt Alexandra that there exists a supportive minority in Maycomb who value Atticus’s fight for justice.
The mention of "a handful of people" reinforces the contrast of common racism versus those who stand with Atticus.

Symbolism of the Roly-Poly Bug

Scout’s hesitation to kill the bug symbolizes the protection of innocence, paralleling the tragic fate of Tom Robinson.
This highlights the theme of compassion for the defenseless.

Helen Robinson's Reaction

When Atticus informs Helen Robinson of Tom’s death, her instinctive collapse illustrates the deep emotional impact of the news.
The comparison to a defenseless bug underscores the cruel reality faced by the Robinson family.

Maycomb's Attitude Post-Tom's Death

Many in Maycomb display insensitivity towards Tom's death, reinforcing systemic racism.
Scout reflects on the community’s derogatory views of black people, highlighting their blame on Tom.

Mr. Underwood's Editorial

Mr. Underwood’s comparison of Tom's death to the slaughter of songbirds emphasizes the senseless loss of innocence.
This metaphor ties directly to the novel's title, illustrating the broader theme of innocence destruction by systemic cruelty.

Scout's Realization about Justice

Initially puzzled by Mr. Underwood's editorial, Scout later understands that Tom’s trial was a façade of justice.
Realization dawns that societal prejudices condemned Tom long before his trial began.

Scouts and Jem’s Growth

Scout and Jem, now older, agree on their changed feelings towards the Radley house but still express a longing to meet Boo Radley.
This signals their transition from childhood fears to maturity.

Hypocrisy of Miss Gates

Scout observes Miss Gates's contradiction in preaching equality while harboring prejudiced views against the black community.
This reinforces the theme of hypocrisy prevalent in the adult world.

Bob Ewell's Blame

Bob Ewell wrongly attributes his job loss to Atticus Finch, reflecting his resentment and inability to accept personal accountability.

Bob Ewell's Harassment of Helen Robinson

Bob Ewell stalks Helen Robinson, verbally harassing her, showcasing the town's racial hostilities.
Link Deas intervenes, threatening Ewell to protect Helen, highlighting the community’s division on racial issues.

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Explore the complexities of character motivations and societal issues in 'To Kill a Mockingbird'. This quiz delves into Dolphus Raymond's behavior, the trial's impact on perceptions of racism, and Mayella Ewell's motivations. Test your understanding of how these elements illustrate the themes of innocence and prejudice in the novel.