TNCT Quarter 4 Chapter 3: ICT Dimensions

• Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Culture - Quarter 4, Chapter 3 covers Dimensions of Information and Communication Technology.
• Julius O. Occiano is the TNCT Teacher

Vocabulary

• Technology involves a manner of accomplishing tasks using technical processes, methods, or knowledge.
• Information and Communication Technology (ICT) includes the tools and processes used to access, retrieve, store, organize, manipulate, produce, present, and exchange information electronically or via automated means
• Communication refers to the exchange of information between individuals through common symbols, signs, or behavior.
• Information is knowledge gained from investigation, study, or instruction.
• Digital Divide is the discrepancy in people's access and skill related to ICT, resulting from advancements in ICT.

History of ICT

• The abacus was invented around 3000 B.C.
• The abacus was first developed in the early 19th century after the discovery of electricity in the 1780s.
• Charles Babbage created the initial designs of the computer in 1833.
• The first electronic calculator was assembled by Konrad Zuse in 1931.
• Guglielmo Marconi invented "wireless telegraphy" in 1894, covering the development of the radio in the 20th century.
• The origins of television came from early transmission systems developed in the late 19th century.
• The earliest television transmission was made in the 1920s.
• Color television was developed in the 1940s and became prevalent in the 1960s.
• Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
• Mobile phone technology was introduced in the 1970s, with the earliest mobile phones sold in the 1980s.
• Advancements in digital technology led to greater popularity of mobile phones in the early 2000s.
• The first microprocessor was introduced by INTEL in 1971.
• The initial versions of the computers seen today were manufactured by IBM in 1981.
• Tim Lee created the World Wide Web (Internet) in 1991.
• Desktop computers became more mobile through laptops and tablets.
• Mobile phones can integrate internet access, camera, radio, television, data storage, calculator, and various software applications.
• In the Philippines, news and discussions heard on the radio are seen on television programs like Teleradyo.
• Twenty-first-century development in ICT focuses on using ICT for a positive societal impact.

Functions of Information and Communication Technology

• ICT function of data capturing involves capturing, storing, and transmitting data using hardware and software, such as keyboards, barcode scanners, video cameras, and mice.
• Data storage is an issue of covering space, depending on disk space availability and ICT flexibility in making data available.
• Data transmission allows data to be transmitted from one place or computer to another using devices like modems and cables.
• Networks used for transmitting data include Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), internet, intranet, and extranet.
• Data Processing is the conversion of data into meaningful information.
• The processing translates inputs like geographical maps, images, satellite imageries, aerial photographs, or tabular data into outputs like dimensional models or visual forms.
• Data Manipulation is summarizing, re-arranging, or improving scientific designs achieved either physically or by processor software, creating new information.
• Data Retrieval involves discovering required information, supported by ICT, in the form of features or characteristics, retrievable from one source to another with computer software.
• Data Display includes presenting information in text, graphics, audio, and video formats through computer screens, speakers, and printers

Two Converging Technologies of ICT

• Computation technology provides the capability to process data into information.
• Communication technology enables coding and transmission of information through communication channels for intended users.

Scope of ICT

• ICT in Agriculture (E-Agriculture) enhances agricultural and rural development through improved information and communication processes.
• ICT in Education makes the learning process more interactive and efficient, utilizing presentations, designing, and simulation for easier teaching and learning.
• ICT in Society drives social networking, communication via email, mobile devices, blogs, and downloading, changing social behavior and creating the Information Society.
• ICT in Balanced Regional Growth can provide employment and revenue for smaller cities and assist in improving talent pools and infrastructure.
• ICT in Corporate Governance promotes good governance practices, encouraging other industries to follow better governance and higher standards.
• ICT in Healthcare offers solutions like telemedicine in rural areas and expert consultations through teleconferencing, with reports sent via email

More Scope of ICT

• ICT in Banking and Insurance has led to computerization of information, with e-banking saving time and maximizing available information.
• ICT in Business Communication has altered the business world through computers, electronics, and wireless communication, particularly advancing business communication.

Benefits of ICT

• ICT brings transparency and efficiency to administrative work, reducing laziness and dishonesty.
• Telecentres in rural areas can facilitate economic liberation, helping rural entrepreneurs connect with markets.
• ICT improves road, air, and rail transportation, enabling payment for parking meters and identification of authorized parking space occupants.
• ICT supports efficient exchange of information between health professionals, enabling transfer of patient records, telemedicine, and improving clinical effectiveness.
• ICT provides access to communication and education for the physically challenged, through Braille keyboards, SMS, and voice-activated dialing.
• ICT facilitates learning and exchange of educational materials, with online learning systems revolutionizing education.
• ICT helps collect data about environmental issues, providing support for managing and monitoring these issues.
• ICT can directly impart information to farmers, handling agricultural issues like water utilization, pest control, and harvest management.
• ICT enhances manufacturing by linking process chains, replacing mass production with network-based systems.
• Electronic commerce (e-commerce) utilizes the internet for online shopping, banking, and stock trading.
• It is used to provide multimedia information for travel, allowing travelers to view destinations, book accommodations, and arrange transport online.

Impact of ICT

• The impact of information technology is visualized at local, national, regional and global levels, both positively and negatively.

Impact of ICT on Society

• Positive impact: huge increase in access to information and services, speed on the internet saves time and is inexpensive, availability of public services.
• Negative impact: reducing education and understanding due to the vast amount of misleading and incorrect information.
• Employment Positive impact: created new segment of employment emergence of a new class of IT literate people.
• Employment Negative impact: reduced employment machines have replaced several categories of job employments.

Impact of ICT on Business

• Information management positive impacts: improved inventory management, stock control, resulting in less wastage, better cash flow, etc.
• Information management negative impacts: increased competition among companies, expense over the new branch of knowledge management
• Economic positive impacts: suppliers and customers are available 24/7 around the world and increased business opportunities cost reduction
• Economic negative impacts: shopping online leaves shoppers at risk of online credit and theft and online retail models are advancing closure of high street shops

Impact of ICT on Academics

• Students Positive impact: Easy access of learning materials from all over the world and easy access to various educational cores and professors.
• Students Negative impact: the cost involved cannot be met by poor students, also lack of face-to-face collaboration and campus life.
• Academics Positive impact: learners get a wider range of means, experience some extra inspiration, effective sharing of information and time saving.
• Academics Negative impact: learners, and sometimes teachers, can get hooked on the technology aspect and trainers may need some technical training

Impact of ICT on Medical

• Positive: Efficiency in bringing medical help and medical facilities can be extended to rural communities
• Negative: Can adopt more luxuries lifestyle and can lead to physical problems e.g. obesity, eye problem etc.

Impact on Administration

• Better use of resources
• Improved governance through e-governance
• Efficiency in the operation of delivering government services