Questions and Answers
What is the definition of Preparation and Triage?
The acronym ABCDE stands for _____ during primary survey.
Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure
When should PPE be placed?
Before the arrival of the patient.
What does Safe Care ensure?
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Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major cause of preventable death.
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What should be done if uncontrolled hemorrhage occurs?
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During the initial assessment, if the patient is alert, they will be able to maintain their _____ once it is clear.
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What to do if the patient is unresponsive?
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What is the purpose of the jaw thrust maneuver?
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Inspecting the mouth should include looking for foreign objects and blood.
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What should be done if the airway is not patent?
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Which of the following conditions might require a definitive airway? (Select all that apply)
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What is assessed when evaluating breathing?
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What are late signs of tension pneumothorax?
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What is Becket's Triad?
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A breath every _____ seconds equates to 10-12 ventilations per minute.
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What is the goal of treating obstructive shock?
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What might indicate hypovolemic shock?
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What is the MAP range considered normal?
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TXA is responsible for dissolving clots.
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What is the definition of SAMPLE?
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Study Notes
Preparation and Initial Assessment
- Preparation involves ensuring all personnel have appropriate PPE before patient arrival.
- Initial assessment consists of primary survey (ABCDE), including airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure, followed by reevaluation steps.
- Definitive care includes transferring the patient to a suitable trauma facility with necessary resources.
Primary Survey (ABCDE)
- A: Airway and Alertness; ensure airway is patent and mind cervical spine stabilization.
- B: Breathing and Ventilation; inspect for symmetrical movement and signs of respiratory distress.
- C: Circulation; control hemorrhage and assess skin color and pulse.
- D: Disability; evaluate neurologic status through pupillary response and GCS.
- E: Exposure; remove clothing to assess for injuries while controlling environmental factors.
Important Interventions
- Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death; effective management involves direct pressure and may include tourniquets.
- Use the jaw thrust maneuver to protect the airway, especially with suspected spinal injuries.
- Suction is vital if the airway is obstructed; avoid stimulating the gag reflex during this process.
Assessment Techniques
- Inspect the mouth for obstructions like blood, vomit, or foreign bodies.
- Auscultate lung sounds for bilateral breath sounds and signs of pneumothorax.
- Palpate the chest for fractures, crepitus, and subcutaneous emphysema.
Special Considerations
- Hypovolemic shock is a result of hemorrhage; the goal is to restore circulating volume.
- Obstructive shock occurs due to physical obstructions in blood flow, such as tension pneumothorax.
- Cardiogenic shock is indicated by inadequate heart output despite normal blood volume; common causes include myocardial infarctions.
Neurologic Status and Monitoring
- Assess GCS to evaluate responsiveness and neurological function.
- Continuous monitoring includes vitals and imaging as needed to detect changes in patient status.
Post-Resuscitation and Reassessment
- Continuously assess vital signs and pain levels post-resuscitation, incorporating family presence as supportive.
- Implement secondary survey techniques, including head-to-toe assessments, looking for lacerations and abnormalities.
Shock Types and Management
- Understand the four types of shock: hypovolemic, obstructive, cardiogenic, and distributive.
- Distributive shock involves loss of vascular tone often seen in anaphylaxis and septic states.
Intubation and Airway Management
- Follow rapid sequence intubation steps to ensure an effective airway: Preparation, Preoxygenation, and securing the tube correctly.
Pediatric Considerations
- Use the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) to evaluate general appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation.
- For infants under one year, check brachial pulse for circulation assessment.
Signs and Indicators
- Recognize Bay's Triad (hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds) as a potential indicator of cardiac tamponade.
- Monitor for classic signs of chest injuries, including dyspnea and unequal breath sounds in the case of pneumothorax.
This structured list organizes critical information necessary for trauma assessment and management, making it easier for students to study effectively.
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Description
Prepare for the TNCC exam with these flashcards covering essential trauma care concepts. Each flashcard focuses on critical components such as preparation, triage, and the primary survey process. Review the key terms and definitions needed for effective trauma nursing.
