TMA: Chapter 16 Reproductive System Quiz

Questions and Answers

What are the four functions of the reproductive system?

To produce egg and sperm cells, to transport and sustain the egg and sperm cells, to nurture the developing offspring, to produce hormones.

What are the primary reproductive organs?

Gonads, testes in males, ovaries in females.

What is another name for egg and sperm cells?

Gametes.

Why are the testes located outside of the abdominal cavity?

The body is too hot for the sperm to survive. Signup and view all the answers

What are spermatogonia?

Immature sperm cells that stay dormant until puberty. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during meiosis I of spermatogenesis?

Undergoes 1st meiotic division, produces two secondary spermatocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to spermatogonia at puberty?

The division process; they have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are contained in the head of the sperm?

23 chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the midpiece of the sperm?

Contains mitochondria that provide adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tail of the sperm?

It is a typical flagellum for locomotion. Signup and view all the answers

What is semen?

Seminal fluid; a slightly alkaline mixture of sperm cells and secretion from the accessory glands. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during emission?

Is the forceful discharge of semen into the urethra. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the female reproductive organs?

Produces and sustains female sex cells, transports ova to fertilization site, provides favorable environment for developing offspring, moves offspring outside at end of development, produces female sex hormones. Signup and view all the answers

What is located in the cortex of the ovary?

Ovarian follicles with oocytes. Signup and view all the answers

Where are the ovaries located?

In shallow depressions called the ovarian fossae, one on each side of the uterus. Signup and view all the answers

What is oogenesis?

Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during ovulation?

When the distended follicular wall ruptures, ejecting the 'egg' or oocyte. Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization usually occur?

In the Fallopian tubes. Signup and view all the answers

What are labia majora?

Two large fat-filled folds of skin that enclose the other external genitalia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mons pubis?

Rounded elevation of fat that overlies the pubic symphysis. Signup and view all the answers

What are labia minora?

Two smaller folds of skin medial to the labia majora. Signup and view all the answers

What is the clitoris?

A small mass of erectile tissue located at the anterior end of the vestibule. Signup and view all the answers

What is the follicular phase?

Triggered by secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ovulatory phase?

High levels of estrogen secreted by mature follicle cells stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete increased amounts of LH (and a small amount of FSH). Signup and view all the answers

What is the luteal phase?

Surge of LH stimulates the development of corpus luteum from the ruptured follicle, which secretes progesterone and some estrogen. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the endometrium of the uterus during the menstrual cycle?

Inner layer consists of a mucous membrane; stratum functionale is sloughed off during menstruation, while stratum basale provides materials to rebuild stratum functionale after menstruation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the areola?

A circular pigmented area around the nipple. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lactiferous ducts?

Carries milk from lobule to nipple. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functions of the Reproductive System

Produces egg (ova) and sperm cells.
Transports and sustains egg and sperm cells.
Nurtures developing offspring.
Produces hormones.

Primary Reproductive Organs

Known as gonads.
Testes in males, ovaries in females.

Gametes

Another term for egg and sperm cells.

Testes Location

Located outside the abdominal cavity to maintain cooler temperatures necessary for sperm survival.

Spermatogonia

Immature sperm cells that remain dormant until puberty.

Spermatogenesis During Meiosis I

First meiotic division occurs, producing two secondary spermatocytes.

Spermatogonia at Puberty

Undergo division; each has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).

Sperm Head Chromosomes

Contains 23 chromosomes.

Sperm Midpiece Function

Houses mitochondria which produce ATP for energy.

Sperm Tail Function

Known as the locomotor region, acts as a flagellum for movement.

Semen Composition

Seminal fluid that is a slightly alkaline mixture of sperm and secretions from accessory glands.

Emission Process

Forceful discharge of semen into the urethra.

Functions of Female Reproductive Organs

Produce and sustain female sex cells (ova).
Transport ova to fertilization site.
Provide a favorable environment for developing offspring.
Move offspring outside at the end of development.
Produce female sex hormones.

Ovary Structure

The cortex contains ovarian follicles with oocytes.

Ovaries Location

Situated in shallow depressions called ovarian fossae, one on each side of the uterus.

Oogenesis

Process of egg cell development.

Ovulation Process

Distended follicular wall ruptures, ejecting the oocyte.

Fertilization Location

Usually occurs in the Fallopian tubes.

Labia Majora

Two large, fat-filled folds of skin that enclose external genitalia.

Mons Pubis

Rounded elevation of fat overlying the pubic symphysis.

Labia Minora

Two smaller skin folds situated medially to the labia majora.

Clitoris

Small mass of erectile tissue located at the anterior end of the vestibule; erects in response to stimulation.

Follicular Phase

Triggered by secretion of GnRH from hypothalamus.

Ovulatory Phase

High estrogen levels secreted by mature follicle stimulate anterior pituitary to release LH and some FSH.

Luteal Phase

Surge of LH promotes development of corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and some estrogen, exerting negative feedback on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.

Endometrium Changes During Menstrual Cycle

Inner mucous membrane layer.
Stratum functionale sloughs off during menstruation.
Stratum basale rebuilds the stratum functionale post-menstruation.

Areola

Circular pigmented area surrounding the nipple.

Lactiferous Ducts Function

Channels milk from the lobule to the nipple.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Chapter 16 of TMA, which focuses on the reproductive system. This quiz covers the functions and primary organs involved in reproduction, including egg and sperm cells. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of this crucial topic.