TLE 7: Basic Drafting and Tools

• Basic drafting is part of the TLE 7 curriculum, which is part of the third grading period.

Drafting an Object Activity

• On a whole pad of paper, draw a self-portrait.
• Tape the paper to the back.
• Classmates will comment on what they draw or describe.
• Gather three comments in one minute.

Sharing:

• Share what classmates wrote on your paper.
• Determine how good your drawing was from classmate comments.
• Ascertain what is needed to bolster drafting skills.

Drafting

• Drafting generally refers to the initial stage of creating something.
• Drafting includes writing, technical drawings, and other creative purposes.

Key Characteristics of Drafting

• Exploration: Drafting is a phase for exploring ideas and experimenting.
• Flexibility: Changes and revisions are expected.
• Focus on content: Emphasizes getting ideas down rather than perfection.

Tools in drafting

• Various tools are required for the drafting process.

Basic Drafting Tools: Pencils

• A drafting pencil is a mechanical pencil with a long slim lead sleeve.
• It keeps the nose of the pencil out of the way to see fine details more easily.
• The drafting pencil runs consistently and predictably along straightedges.

Set Squares/Triangles

• The simplest form of set square is a triangular piece of transparent plastic (or polished wood) with the center removed.
• The set square bears the markings of a ruler and half circle protractor.
• A triangle can is classified by its side or by its angle.
• By side: Equilateral, Isoceles, and Scalene -Equilateral Triangle has three equal sides. -Isoceles Triangle has two equal sides. -Scalene Triangle has no equal sides.
• By Angle: Acute, Right and Obtuse -Acute Triangle has three angles < 90°. -Right Triangle has one angle = 90°. -Obtuse Triangle has one angle > 90°.

Protractor

• A protractor is a device to measure and draw angles.

Erasing Shield

• An erasing shield is a thin template with holes or slots.
• It allows for erasing of specific lines or text without affecting surrounding areas.
• Erasing shields are used by artists, calligraphers, drafters, and typists.

Compass and Divider

• A compass and divider are both drawing instruments.
• Compasses and dividers measures and marks distances
• A compass has one sharp point and one pencil/pen point.
• A divider has two sharp points.

Paper

• Different types of paper includes tracing paper, vellum, and drawing paper are used for drafting.
• The choice of paper depends on the project and drawing medium.

Metric Scale Ruler

• A metric ruler is the standard instrument for measurement in the scientific laboratory.
• Each individual line represents a millimeter (mm).
• The numbers on the ruler represent centimeters (cm).
• Ten millimeters equals one centimeter.

T-Square and Drawing table

• T-squares are used with the drawing board.
• T-Square create accurate horizontal lines.
• Drawing tables provide a stable and adjustable work surface.
• Drawing tables allow comfortable and accurate work

Drafting Tape and French curve

• Drafting tape is an adhesive tape specifically for drafting, art, and design.
• French curves are tools with a variety of curved edges.
• French curves are used to draw smooth curves that are not circular.

Dusting brush and Templates

• Dusting brushes remove eraser crumbs and keep drawings clean.
• Templates consist of plastic sheets with cut-out shapes (circles, squares, etc.).
• Templates are used for quickly and accurately drawing repetitive elements.

Eraser and Pencil Sharpener

• Erasers are for correcting mistakes.
• Kneaded erasers are available for more precise erasing.
• Pencil sharpeners keep pencils sharp for clean, precise lines.

Freehand Drawing

• Freehand drawing is art or design created by hand without tools like rulers.
• It is a freestyle way of expressing oneself creatively.

How it works and Benefits

• Freehand drawing relies on hand movement, eye coordination, and observational skills.
• It can be used to create realistic drawings or to capture motion and feeling.
• Wide applications included architecture, game design, graphic design, and visual arts.
• Freehand drawing can improve artistic skills and develop a unique style.
• It improves proportions, perspective, especially in 3D visuals.
• Visually communicate ideas.

Tips for Freehand Drawing

• Simplify things by focusing on the major shapes and lines first.
• Compare and refine as you add more elements.
• Use horizontal or vertical lines to help with alignment, angles, and distances.
• Remove unwanted lines.

Basic Shading Techniques

• Shading adds depth, volume, and realism, and conveys the play of light and shadow. Shading also makes the work appear three-dimensional on a two-dimensional surface.

Hatching

• Hatching involves drawing a series of parallel lines, and closer lines make the area darker.
• Thickness and length variations create different textures and values, ideal on curved surfaces.

Cross-hatching

• This method adds another set of parallel lines that intersect the first set, creating a grid-like pattern.
• It builds darker values and create more complex textures.
• Layering multiple sets of cross-hatching lines at different angles results in a wide range of tonal values.

Stippling

• Stippling involves creating a pattern involving dots.
• The density of dots determines shade in an area .
• Closely spaced dots appear darker, while sparsely spaced dots appear lighter.
• This technique is time-consuming with intricate results for rendering textures and subtle gradations.

Blending

• Blending is smoothing out the shade to create a seamless transition between light and dark areas.
• Fingers, a tortillon (rolled paper stump), or blending brush achieve this.
• Blending is ideal for smooth and realistic shading, mostly on rounded objects or skin tones.

Scribbling

• More expressive and gestural technique is accomplished by creating a network of overlapping, irregular lines.
• Adds a sense of energy and spontaneity.
• Often used for quick sketches or studies and may also be effective in finished pieces.

Materials for Performance Task 3.1

• Oslo paper
• Pencil
• White eraser
• Black gel pen (sign pen)
• Ruler
• The title/name, Grade & Section, and Date/Score should be included on the drawing.
• Portraits of Jesus Christ, Peter the Apostle, Ruth the Loyal Woman, Joseph The Dreamer, Jeremiah the prophet, and The bleeding woman (Bible Characters) can be used for the drawing.

Explore drafting basics for TLE 7, covering self-portrait activities, feedback gathering, and understanding drafting's key characteristics. Learn about exploration, flexibility, and content focus in initial creation phases. Discover essential tools like pencils for technical drawings.