تقنية المواد - الفصل 1
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Questions and Answers

أي مما يلي يعتبر من عيوب الصب؟

  • عدم دقة الأبعاد (correct)
  • ضعف مقاومة المواد المصبوبة (correct)
  • صعوبة تشكيل أشكال معقدة
  • عدم إمكانية الحصول على سلسلة من القطع المتطابقة
  • ضعف مقاومة المواد المصبوبة في درجة حرارة عالية
  • صعوبة التحكم في دقة الأبعاد (correct)
  • ارتفاع تكلفة الإنتاج
  • إمكانية حدوث عيوب في القطع (correct)
  • ما هو العيب المرتبط بعملية الصب ، والذي يتطلب مراجعة دقة الأبعاد بعد عمليات الصب؟

  • العيوب السطحية
  • التشوه الجانبي
  • التجاويف
  • التقلص (correct)
  • ما هو الصب وما هي أنواع الصب؟

    عملية تُستخدم لصنع القطع من المواد المصبوبة ، مثل المعادن ، والبلاستيك ، وغيرها من المواد المصبوبة. تُقدم هذه العملية مجموعة من الأنواع المختلفة ، مثل الصب في الرمال ، و الصب في القالب ، و الصب في القوالب ، وغيرها من الأنواع.

    ما هو الهدف من عملية الصب؟

    <p>هدف عملية الصب هو صنع القطع من مادة مُنصة في سائل ، مثل المعادن ، والبلاستيك.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ما هي المواد المستخدمة في عملية الصب؟

    <p>تُستخدم المواد المصبوبة ، مثل المعادن ، والبلاستيك ، وغيرها من المواد المصبوبة.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ما هي العمليات التي تُستخدم في عملية الصب؟

    <p>تُستخدم مجموعة من العمليات في عملية الصب ، مثل صنع <strong>القوالب</strong> ، و صب <strong>المواد</strong> ، و تبريد <strong>القطع</strong> ، و إزالة <strong>القطع</strong> من <strong>القوالب</strong>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    هل الصب عملية اقتصادية ، تُستخدم في صناعة السيارات؟

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ما هي المواد التي تُستخدم في صناعة السيارات عن طريق الصب؟

    <p>الحديد</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Information

    • The document is a study guide titled "Polycopié de Technologie de Base"
    • Prepared by Dr. Meziane El Hadj
    • Compiled in November 2017
    • Published by Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Algeria

    Chapter 1: Materials

    • Introduces various materials used in engineering
    • Categorizes materials into four main groups
    • Explains that material properties are dependent on chemical nature, physical form & surface conditions

    Chapter 1: a. Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys for Shaping

    • Aluminum alloys for shaping are identified by 4-digit codes (e.g., 7075)
    • These codes conform to the Aluminum Association's standards.
    • The first digit corresponds to the principal alloying element.
    • The second, third, and fourth digits assign specific variants of the alloy composition.

    Chapter 1: b. Copper and Copper Alloys

    • Copper alloys are identified using a standardized system.
    • Examples of the standardized coding system are provided.

    Chapter 1: c. Iron and Iron Alloys (Cast Irons)

    • Specific types of cast irons are defined, including those with graphite in lamellar or spheroidal forms.
    • The relevant European standards (EN) for different types of cast irons are mentioned (e.g., EN-GJL-350 for lamellar graphite iron).
    • Mechanical properties (like tensile strength) are specified in the standards.

    Chapter 1: d. Zinc and Zinc Alloys

    • Zinc alloys (typically ZL) are common in die casting.
    • Relevant compositions (e.g., ZL3, ZL5, and ZL2) and their uses (such as die casting) are mentioned.

    Chapter 2: Processing Methods Without Removing Material

    • Discusses various manufacturing methods that do not remove material from the workpiece
    • Explains that the process selection depends on the type of material, required shape, and production scale.
    • Includes discussion about casting methods (sand casting, die casting) and other important methods
    • Covers the general principles of shaping or processing objects using methods like sand casting and die casting from a fluid or molten state.

    Chapter 2: a. Sand Casting

    • Explains that sand casting is a common method for shaping parts from molten metal.
    • Details the components of a typical sand mold (e.g., upper and lower parts).
    • Discusses the process involved in a typical sand casting operation.

    Chapter 3: Processing Methods Removing Material

    • Details methods that involve taking material away from a workpiece.
    • Covers various machine tools and their operation.

    Chapter 3: a. Definition and Generation of Surfaces

    • Explains the concept of generating surfaces through movements of the tool (generatrix) and the workpiece
    • Provides examples and classification of surface formats.

    Chapter 3: b. Machine Tools

    • Describes different types of machines used in machining, such as lathes and milling machines.
    • Discusses the various axes and movements (e.g., rotation, translation) employed.

    Chapter 3: c. Cutting Tools

    • Describes different cutting tools like drills, taps, milling cutters
    • Details the functions and characteristics of each tool

    Chapter 3: d. Cutting Parameters

    • Presents the crucial parameters for machining processes (e.g., cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut)
    • Highlights the critical relation between the factors.

    Chapter 3: e. Operations

    • Describes fundamental operations in different machining processes.

    Chapter 3: f. Tooling

    • Explains the various kinds of equipment, their properties and how they impact the operation.

    Chapter 3: g. The Machining Process in Steps

    • Presents the steps to produce a manufactured part.
    • Explains the importance of pre-planning the steps required for manufacturing a product.

    Chapter 3: h. The Phase, the Machining Schedule

    • Discusses the sequence of operations essential to complete the manufacturing of a product.
    • Highlights the importance of coordination among several phases.

    Chapter 3: i. Parts Positioning

    • Discusses the processes by which the parts are positioned accurately during manufacturing.

    Chapter 4: Assembly Techniques

    • Describes methods in assembling and joining parts together.
    • Discusses various methods like bolting & riveting, brazing, soldering, and welding.

    Chapter 4: a. Removable/Non-permanent Connections

    • Covers screws, bolts and nuts.
    • Explains how fasteners assemble two components securely.

    Chapter 4: b. Permanent Connections

    • Explains the use of rivets for permanent connections.

    Chapter 4: c. Brazing

    • Brazing method to join components.

    Chapter 4: d. Welding

    • Discusses the use of welding for permanent connections. This method usually uses heat or pressure or both.

    References

    • Lists sources used in the guide, providing citations for each source.

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    Description

    يتناول هذا الاختبار المواد المستخدمة في الهندسة، مع التركيز على الألومنيوم والسبائك النحاسية والحديد. يركز على خصائص المواد وكيفية تصنيفها باستخدام أنظمة ترميز معترف بها. هذا الفصل سيعزز فهمك لمجموعة متنوعة من المواد الأساسية في التكنولوجيا.

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