Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are disinfectants?
What are disinfectants?
- Chemicals that clean surfaces
- Chemicals for personal hygiene
- Only used for laundry
- Chemicals that are used to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms (correct)
Babies whose mothers have which of the following problems must be isolated from other infants?
Babies whose mothers have which of the following problems must be isolated from other infants?
- Genital herpes (correct)
- Flu
- Measles
- HIV
Which of the following is a vector in transmitting infectious diseases?
Which of the following is a vector in transmitting infectious diseases?
- Mites (correct)
- Ticks
- Flies
- Mosquitoes
Which of the following is a commonly identified pathogenic microorganism that causes healthcare-associated skin infections?
Which of the following is a commonly identified pathogenic microorganism that causes healthcare-associated skin infections?
Which organization oversees the investigation and control of various diseases, especially those that are communicable?
Which organization oversees the investigation and control of various diseases, especially those that are communicable?
Which of the following is a commonly identified pathogenic agent that affects the skin?
Which of the following is a commonly identified pathogenic agent that affects the skin?
Reverse isolation is commonly used for patients who have:
Reverse isolation is commonly used for patients who have:
Which of the following is a commonly identified causative agent of nosocomial infections in the nursery unit?
Which of the following is a commonly identified causative agent of nosocomial infections in the nursery unit?
Which of the following chemical compounds is an antiseptic for skin?
Which of the following chemical compounds is an antiseptic for skin?
What type of infection might a phlebotomist have acquired if he or she needs to avoid contact with patients for 24 hours after being started on an appropriate antibiotic?
What type of infection might a phlebotomist have acquired if he or she needs to avoid contact with patients for 24 hours after being started on an appropriate antibiotic?
HICPAC transmission-based precautions include:
HICPAC transmission-based precautions include:
About how many patients acquire a nosocomial infection annually?
About how many patients acquire a nosocomial infection annually?
A healthcare-acquired infection occurs when?
A healthcare-acquired infection occurs when?
In healthcare facilities, which of the following is a typical fomite?
In healthcare facilities, which of the following is a typical fomite?
Which of the following is a factor that increases a host's susceptibility in the chain of infection?
Which of the following is a factor that increases a host's susceptibility in the chain of infection?
Antiseptics for skin include:
Antiseptics for skin include:
If an electrical accident occurs involving electrical shock to an employee or a patient, the first thing that the healthcare provider should do is:
If an electrical accident occurs involving electrical shock to an employee or a patient, the first thing that the healthcare provider should do is:
What are the major principles of self-protection from radiation exposure?
What are the major principles of self-protection from radiation exposure?
The first step in giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is to:
The first step in giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is to:
If a fire extinguisher has to be used in a healthcare environment, the first step to perform is:
If a fire extinguisher has to be used in a healthcare environment, the first step to perform is:
If a phlebotomist is collecting blood specimens from a patient in the nuclear medicine department he or she needs to be:
If a phlebotomist is collecting blood specimens from a patient in the nuclear medicine department he or she needs to be:
Which organization developed a labeling system for hazardous chemicals that is frequently used in healthcare facilities?
Which organization developed a labeling system for hazardous chemicals that is frequently used in healthcare facilities?
The first step in controlling severe bleeding is to:
The first step in controlling severe bleeding is to:
Chemicals that are defined as 'explosive flammables' must be stored:
Chemicals that are defined as 'explosive flammables' must be stored:
Which of the following should not be done for a shock victim who seems to be not fully conscious?
Which of the following should not be done for a shock victim who seems to be not fully conscious?
Class C fires are:
Class C fires are:
MSDSs must be supplied to employees according to the:
MSDSs must be supplied to employees according to the:
How many lobes do normal human lungs have?
How many lobes do normal human lungs have?
After oxygen crosses the respiratory membranes (in the lung) into the blood, about 97% of it combines with?
After oxygen crosses the respiratory membranes (in the lung) into the blood, about 97% of it combines with?
The term ventral refers to which part of the body?
The term ventral refers to which part of the body?
If a normal person breathes in, the oxygen travels through air passages to the lungs. Which of the following takes place?
If a normal person breathes in, the oxygen travels through air passages to the lungs. Which of the following takes place?
An XY pair of chromosomes means that the fetus will be a:
An XY pair of chromosomes means that the fetus will be a:
Specialized cells of the nervous system are:
Specialized cells of the nervous system are:
Which of the following is produced in the adrenal glands, the glands that cause emotions such as fear and anger?
Which of the following is produced in the adrenal glands, the glands that cause emotions such as fear and anger?
Which of the following would require contact precautions?
Which of the following would require contact precautions?
Which of the following is designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms from both recognized sources of infection in healthcare facilities?
Which of the following is designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms from both recognized sources of infection in healthcare facilities?
Which of the following would require airborne precautions?
Which of the following would require airborne precautions?
Which of the following is the proper sequence for removal of isolation apparel after blood collection in an isolation room?
Which of the following is the proper sequence for removal of isolation apparel after blood collection in an isolation room?
Which of the following is the most important procedure in the prevention of disease transmission in healthcare institutes?
Which of the following is the most important procedure in the prevention of disease transmission in healthcare institutes?
MSDS stands for:
MSDS stands for:
A dosimeter badge is required in healthcare facilities for?
A dosimeter badge is required in healthcare facilities for?
The HazCom standard requires chemical manufacturers to supply?
The HazCom standard requires chemical manufacturers to supply?
As CO2 levels increase in the blood, the blood pH:
As CO2 levels increase in the blood, the blood pH:
A test required for O & P refers to:
A test required for O & P refers to:
Which of the following chemicals should be used to disinfect tourniquets and items contaminated with blood?
Which of the following chemicals should be used to disinfect tourniquets and items contaminated with blood?
In the process of preparing to enter a patient's isolation room, which of the following would occur first?
In the process of preparing to enter a patient's isolation room, which of the following would occur first?
If a healthcare provider hears a fire alarm as she or he is collecting blood from a patient, she or he should not:
If a healthcare provider hears a fire alarm as she or he is collecting blood from a patient, she or he should not:
Which structure governs the functions of the individual cell, such as growth, repair, reproduction, and metabolism?
Which structure governs the functions of the individual cell, such as growth, repair, reproduction, and metabolism?
Which of the following is an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor that requires employers to provide measures that will protect workers exposed to biological hazards?
Which of the following is an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor that requires employers to provide measures that will protect workers exposed to biological hazards?
Which of the following is needed for cleanup of a chemical spill?
Which of the following is needed for cleanup of a chemical spill?
The term stat refers to:
The term stat refers to:
Arteries differ from veins in which of the following ways?
Arteries differ from veins in which of the following ways?
Steps in the identification process should include:
Steps in the identification process should include:
When a patient has 'difficult' veins, what strategies, if any, can be used to improve the likelihood of a successful puncture?
When a patient has 'difficult' veins, what strategies, if any, can be used to improve the likelihood of a successful puncture?
During the venipuncture procedure, what should the phlebotomist do after the needle is inserted and blood begins to flow?
During the venipuncture procedure, what should the phlebotomist do after the needle is inserted and blood begins to flow?
Which specimen collection tube is commonly used for hematology tests?
Which specimen collection tube is commonly used for hematology tests?
If a venipuncture procedure is almost completed and suddenly you see hints of a hematoma beginning to form, what should you do?
If a venipuncture procedure is almost completed and suddenly you see hints of a hematoma beginning to form, what should you do?
If a patient is frail and has a tendency to faint, what equipment, if any, would be helpful in the specimen collection process?
If a patient is frail and has a tendency to faint, what equipment, if any, would be helpful in the specimen collection process?
If arm veins cannot be used for a venipuncture, the preferred alternative veins lie in the:
If arm veins cannot be used for a venipuncture, the preferred alternative veins lie in the:
Which specimen collection tube is commonly used for hemostasis tests?
Which specimen collection tube is commonly used for hemostasis tests?
If a patient has a bruise in the antecubital area of his right arm (his non-dominant arm), what alternate site should be considered?
If a patient has a bruise in the antecubital area of his right arm (his non-dominant arm), what alternate site should be considered?
Specimens may be rejected for a variety of reasons, most of which can be prevented by experienced professional phlebotomists. Identify one reason for specimen rejection that relates to unnecessary, but excessive, mixing of the specimen.
Specimens may be rejected for a variety of reasons, most of which can be prevented by experienced professional phlebotomists. Identify one reason for specimen rejection that relates to unnecessary, but excessive, mixing of the specimen.
Prior to performing a venipuncture, why is it important to get information about whether or not the patient has eaten recently?
Prior to performing a venipuncture, why is it important to get information about whether or not the patient has eaten recently?
Where should the tourniquet be placed on the patient during the venipuncture procedure?
Where should the tourniquet be placed on the patient during the venipuncture procedure?
When collecting a blood specimen with the butterfly method and PT, PTT tests are the only tests ordered, what is the correct procedure?
When collecting a blood specimen with the butterfly method and PT, PTT tests are the only tests ordered, what is the correct procedure?
When the evacuated tube method is used for venipuncture, select the correct order of collection for the following tubes: blood culture tubes, coagulation tube, and hematology tube. Choose the order of tubes by their color of closures.
When the evacuated tube method is used for venipuncture, select the correct order of collection for the following tubes: blood culture tubes, coagulation tube, and hematology tube. Choose the order of tubes by their color of closures.
Fingerstick procedures cannot be performed when which test is ordered?
Fingerstick procedures cannot be performed when which test is ordered?
Generally speaking, what should the phlebotomist do with the first drop of blood after a fingerstick is performed?
Generally speaking, what should the phlebotomist do with the first drop of blood after a fingerstick is performed?
In making a blood smear or slide, after the drop of blood has been spread across the glass slide, what is the next step?
In making a blood smear or slide, after the drop of blood has been spread across the glass slide, what is the next step?
Excessive massaging or milking of the finger during a skin puncture procedure can cause:
Excessive massaging or milking of the finger during a skin puncture procedure can cause:
Another instance when a fingerstick should not be performed on a patient is when the following has been ordered:
Another instance when a fingerstick should not be performed on a patient is when the following has been ordered:
Labeled skin puncture specimens should include the:
Labeled skin puncture specimens should include the:
Skin puncture blood is composed of:
Skin puncture blood is composed of:
What is the best angle for spreading a blood smear by using two glass slides?
What is the best angle for spreading a blood smear by using two glass slides?
Blood smears for evaluation of cells must be made carefully. Which of the following features should be present?
Blood smears for evaluation of cells must be made carefully. Which of the following features should be present?
It is best to use which type of bandage on an adult after a fingerstick?
It is best to use which type of bandage on an adult after a fingerstick?
Which of the following chemical agents should be used to decontaminate a patient's finger before skin puncture?
Which of the following chemical agents should be used to decontaminate a patient's finger before skin puncture?
Glycolytic action refers to:
Glycolytic action refers to:
When designing a report form for laboratory results, what key elements would not be included?
When designing a report form for laboratory results, what key elements would not be included?
The most reliable labeling method for avoiding transcription errors in specimen collection is?
The most reliable labeling method for avoiding transcription errors in specimen collection is?
Which of the following factors should be considered when pneumatic tube systems are used for transporting specimens?
Which of the following factors should be considered when pneumatic tube systems are used for transporting specimens?
Assays that require a chilled specimen include:
Assays that require a chilled specimen include:
Which of the following is a possible occurrence if a blood specimen tube for hematology tests is filled correctly but not mixed long enough?
Which of the following is a possible occurrence if a blood specimen tube for hematology tests is filled correctly but not mixed long enough?
It is preferable to make blood smears from EDTA specimens within what period of time after the specimen is collected?
It is preferable to make blood smears from EDTA specimens within what period of time after the specimen is collected?
Why is it important to get patient information about latex sensitivity?
Why is it important to get patient information about latex sensitivity?
Adding too much blood to a sodium citrate tube can cause:
Adding too much blood to a sodium citrate tube can cause:
Name one step that should not be in the handwashing procedure:
Name one step that should not be in the handwashing procedure:
How many more times should a phlebotomist try to perform a venipuncture on a patient if he has failed once already?
How many more times should a phlebotomist try to perform a venipuncture on a patient if he has failed once already?
If a patient is obese, what special equipment, if any, would be helpful in the specimen collection process?
If a patient is obese, what special equipment, if any, would be helpful in the specimen collection process?
Osteomyelitis is defined as:
Osteomyelitis is defined as:
Which of the following is identical for venipuncture and capillary puncture procedures?
Which of the following is identical for venipuncture and capillary puncture procedures?
Skin puncture techniques are useful in which of the following conditions?
Skin puncture techniques are useful in which of the following conditions?
The TAT refers to:
The TAT refers to:
Specimens being tested in which of the following areas would not usually require centrifugation?
Specimens being tested in which of the following areas would not usually require centrifugation?
During the venipuncture, the needle should be inserted at what angle to the skin?
During the venipuncture, the needle should be inserted at what angle to the skin?
When using the syringe method to collect a blood specimen, how is the blood added into additive and non-additive tubes?
When using the syringe method to collect a blood specimen, how is the blood added into additive and non-additive tubes?
Which of the following conditions can have an adverse effect on the quality of a fingerstick?
Which of the following conditions can have an adverse effect on the quality of a fingerstick?
For specimens that require centrifugation, serum or plasma should be removed from the cells within what period of time?
For specimens that require centrifugation, serum or plasma should be removed from the cells within what period of time?
Which of the following information is essential for labeling a patient's specimen?
Which of the following information is essential for labeling a patient's specimen?
Nails can grow at a rate of about:
Nails can grow at a rate of about:
Study Notes
Disinfectants and Pathogens
- Disinfectants are chemicals used to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms.
- Genital herpes in mothers necessitates isolation of their babies to prevent transmission.
- Mites serve as vectors in transmitting infectious diseases.
Health Care Associated Infections
- Candida albicans is a common pathogen causing healthcare-associated skin infections.
- The CDC oversees the investigation and control of communicable diseases.
- Herpes viruses are pathogenic agents affecting the skin.
Precautions and Infection Control
- Reverse isolation is typically used for patients with immunodeficiency disorders.
- Escherichia coli is a commonly identified agent of nosocomial infections in nurseries.
- Hexylresorcinol is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection.
Antibiotic Use and Infection
- A phlebotomist must avoid contact after starting an antibiotic for strep throat until symptom-free for 24 hours.
- HICPAC transmission-based precautions include airborne, droplet, and contact methods.
Nosocomial Infections Statistics
- Annually, 1.75 to 3 million patients acquire nosocomial infections.
- A healthcare-acquired infection occurs when the chain of infection is fully established.
Equipment and Safety Standards
- A typical fomite in healthcare settings is a phlebotomy tray.
- Factors increasing host susceptibility in the chain of infection include drug use.
- Antiseptics for skin can include iodine, while sodium citrate is used for hemostasis tests.
Emergency Procedures
- The first response in an electrical shock incident is shutting off electrical power.
- Major principles of self-protection from radiation include time, distance, and shielding.
- In emergencies, the first step with a fire extinguisher is to pull the pin.
Phlebotomy Practices
- A dosimeter badge is required in departments like nuclear medicine for radiation safety.
- Blood must be drawn 3 inches above the venipuncture site with appropriate techniques to minimize discomfort and complications.
- The order of blood collection tubes is vital, with yellow tubes for blood cultures, blue for coagulation, and lavender for hematology.
Patient Care Considerations
- Patients with "difficult" veins may require specific strategies like warming the site to improve success rates.
- A recliner may be best for frail patients, while a large blood pressure cuff would aid in blood collection for obese patients.
- Latex sensitivity is crucial for patient safety to prevent allergic reactions.
Specimen Handling and Processing
- The first drop of blood after a fingerstick should be wiped away to ensure accuracy.
- Blood specimens must be mixed vigorously, especially for hematology tests, to prevent clot formation.
- Specimens requiring centrifugation must have serum or plasma separated within 2 hours for optimal testing.
Best Practices and Compliance
- Handwashing is the most critical procedure in preventing disease transmission within healthcare settings.
- Labeling of specimens is crucial and should include the patient's information and collection details.
- Appropriate handling of specimens and meticulous technique in blood collection are essential to avoid contamination and erroneous results.
Miscellaneous Knowledge
- The average human lung comprises five lobes.
- A blood smear should exhibit a feathered edge for proper evaluation.
- Nails grow at a rate of approximately 0.1 mm per day, relevant for understanding healing and hygiene in patient care contexts.
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