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Questions and Answers
In a titration, what is being calculated using the known volumes and concentrations of reacting solutions?
In a titration, what is being calculated using the known volumes and concentrations of reacting solutions?
- The pH of the resulting solution.
- The rate of the reaction.
- The concentration of an unknown solution. (correct)
- The equilibrium constant of the reaction.
A mole ratio of 1:1 between an acid and a base in a balanced equation means that equal volumes of each will always be required for complete neutralization.
A mole ratio of 1:1 between an acid and a base in a balanced equation means that equal volumes of each will always be required for complete neutralization.
False (B)
Define the term 'titration' in the context of chemistry.
Define the term 'titration' in the context of chemistry.
A quantitative procedure in which two solutions react in a known ratio, allowing determination of concentration.
In titration calculations, the volume of a solution is often converted from $cm^3$ to $dm^3$ by dividing by ______.
In titration calculations, the volume of a solution is often converted from $cm^3$ to $dm^3$ by dividing by ______.
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
What is the first step in calculating the concentration of an unknown solution using titration data?
What is the first step in calculating the concentration of an unknown solution using titration data?
The concentration of a solution is typically expressed in grams per cubic decimetre ($g/dm^3$).
The concentration of a solution is typically expressed in grams per cubic decimetre ($g/dm^3$).
Explain why it is important to use a balanced chemical equation when performing titration calculations.
Explain why it is important to use a balanced chemical equation when performing titration calculations.
In the equation: Concentration = Amount of solute in mol / ______ in $dm^3$
In the equation: Concentration = Amount of solute in mol / ______ in $dm^3$
Match each substance with its role in acid-base titrations:
Match each substance with its role in acid-base titrations:
In a titration, 30.00 $cm^3$ of 0.150 mol $dm^{-3}$ of KOH solution is neutralized by 25.00 $cm^3$ of sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$). What is the concentration of the sulfuric acid?
In a titration, 30.00 $cm^3$ of 0.150 mol $dm^{-3}$ of KOH solution is neutralized by 25.00 $cm^3$ of sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$). What is the concentration of the sulfuric acid?
If the mole ratio of acid to base in a reaction is 1:2, this means that the concentration of the acid is twice the concentration of the base for complete neutralization.
If the mole ratio of acid to base in a reaction is 1:2, this means that the concentration of the acid is twice the concentration of the base for complete neutralization.
Describe the significance of the endpoint in a titration.
Describe the significance of the endpoint in a titration.
To calculate the amount of solute in moles, you multiply the concentration in mol $dm^{-3}$ by the ______ in $dm^3$.
To calculate the amount of solute in moles, you multiply the concentration in mol $dm^{-3}$ by the ______ in $dm^3$.
Match the equation with the value you calculate:
Match the equation with the value you calculate:
20.00 $cm^3$ of 0.250 mol $dm^{-3}$ hydrochloric acid (HCl) is required to neutralize 25.00 $cm^3$ of a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. What is the concentration of the NaOH solution?
20.00 $cm^3$ of 0.250 mol $dm^{-3}$ hydrochloric acid (HCl) is required to neutralize 25.00 $cm^3$ of a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. What is the concentration of the NaOH solution?
In a titration, it is always necessary to convert volumes from $cm^3$ to $dm^3$ before performing calculations.
In a titration, it is always necessary to convert volumes from $cm^3$ to $dm^3$ before performing calculations.
Explain the difference between the 'endpoint' and the 'equivalence point' in a titration.
Explain the difference between the 'endpoint' and the 'equivalence point' in a titration.
If 0.005 mol of HCl is neutralized by 25.00 $cm^3$ of NaOH, the concentration of the NaOH solution is ______ mol $dm^{-3}$.
If 0.005 mol of HCl is neutralized by 25.00 $cm^3$ of NaOH, the concentration of the NaOH solution is ______ mol $dm^{-3}$.
Match the term to its symbol:
Match the term to its symbol:
Flashcards
What is titration?
What is titration?
A quantitative procedure where two solutions react in a known ratio to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.
What is concentration?
What is concentration?
A measure of the mass or amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solvent or solution.
What does it mean to neutralise?
What does it mean to neutralise?
To make a solution neutral by removing any acidic or alkaline properties; pH 7.
What is an alkali?
What is an alkali?
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What is an acid?
What is an acid?
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What is a solution?
What is a solution?
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What is a solute?
What is a solute?
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What is a balanced equation?
What is a balanced equation?
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What is the mole ratio?
What is the mole ratio?
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What is amount in chemistry?
What is amount in chemistry?
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Study Notes
- Titration results determine unknown concentrations, volumes, and masses in reactions through mole calculations.
- One mole of any gas occupies 24 cubic decimetres at room temperature and pressure.
Calculating a Concentration
- Titration can calculate a solution's concentration or the volume of solution for acid or alkali neutralization.
Steps to Calculate Concentration from Titration
- Step 1: Calculate the amount of the known substance (e.g., sodium hydroxide) in moles.
- Use the formula: Amount of solute in mol = concentration in mol dm-3 × volume in dm3.
- Step 2: Find the amount of the unknown substance (e.g., hydrochloric acid) in moles using the balanced equation and mole ratio.
- Step 3: Calculate the concentration of the unknown substance using the formula: Concentration in mol dm-3 = amount of solute in mol / volume in dm3.
Example Calculation: Hydrochloric Acid Concentration
- 25.00 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide is neutralized by 20.00 cm3 of hydrochloric acid.
- Amount of sodium hydroxide = 0.100 mol dm-3 × 0.0250 dm3 = 0.00250 mol.
- The balanced equation NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) has a 1:1 mole ratio of NaOH:HCl, so 0.00250 mol of NaOH reacts with 0.00250 mol of HCl.
- Concentration of hydrochloric acid = 0.00250 mol / 0.0200 dm3 = 0.125 mol dm-3.
Calculating a Volume
- Titration calculations can also find an acid or alkali volume required for complete neutralization.
Steps to Calculate Volume from Titration
- Step 1: Calculate the amount of the known substance in moles.
- Use the formula: Amount of solute in mol = concentration in mol dm-3 × volume in dm3.
- Step 2: Find the amount of the unknown substance in moles using the balanced equation and mole ratio.
- Step 3: Calculate the volume of the unknown substance using the formula: Volume in dm3 = amount of solute in mol / concentration in mol dm-3.
Example Calculation: Sulfuric Acid Volume
- 25.00 cm3 of 0.300 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide is neutralized by 0.100 mol dm-3 sulfuric acid.
- Amount of sodium hydroxide = 0.300 mol dm-3 × 0.0250 dm3 = 0.00750 mol.
- The balanced equation 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) has a 2:1 mole ratio of NaOH:H2SO4, so 0.00750 mol of NaOH reacts with 0.00375 mol of H2SO4.
- Volume of sulfuric acid = 0.00375 mol / 0.100 mol dm-3 = 0.0375 dm3 or 37.5 cm3.
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