Titanic's Tragic Maiden Voyage: Survival Rates

80% of casualties were men, because women and children were saved first.

First-class women passengers had a higher survival rate (97%) compared to second-class (84%) and third-class (55%) women passengers.

Property, Power, and Prestige.

<p>The opportunities one has to earn material possessions and achieve a certain standard of living.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power increases wealth, as occupation and material possessions provide a person with authority and influence over others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power refers to the ability to exert influence over others, while prestige refers to the respect or recognition received from others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power is often based on special talents and personality, which can increase one's influence and authority over others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Property refers to material possessions and wealth, while prestige refers to the respect or recognition received from others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People with the greatest social privileges express the strongest support for their system of social stratification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social mobility refers to the ability of individuals to change their social status during their lifetimes; it varies from a closed system with no social mobility to an open system with greater mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main types are closed and open systems; closed systems are rigid with strict boundaries and no social mobility, while open systems are based on economic criteria and allow for greater mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social status is strictly defined and determines access to opportunities in a closed system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, an individual's level of achievement cannot change their social position in a closed system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The caste system in India is an example of a closed system of stratification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An open system of stratification is based primarily on economic criteria, particularly income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In an open system, social position is not ascribed at birth and is more influenced by economic criteria, allowing for greater access to opportunities through individual achievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexibility in class boundaries and opportunity for social mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slavery, caste, estate, and class</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social class is an open system, while slavery, caste, and estate are closed systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beliefs about racial inferiority of the enslaved</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eradicated throughout the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class membership depends on characteristics that the individual can control</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lowest strata of the society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascribed characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural or racial differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determined by birth and unchanging</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caste</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brahmins (most pure) to Panchamas (least pure)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Priests, scholars, and philosophers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ranked in descending order of importance, prestige, and purity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fall outside of the caste system altogether</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Law and inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The aristocracy and landed gentry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The estate system is not as rigid as the caste system, allowing for some social mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relationship to the means of production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Achieved based on ambition, talent, and skill</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small upper class, larger middle classes, working class, and lower class</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Education provides individuals with special skills and knowledge to fill jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Achieved statuses are based on ambition, talent, and skill, while ascribed statuses are based on birth or assignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a closed system, social mobility is impossible, while in an open system, it is possible through individual achievement and economic criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals with greater social privileges tend to express stronger support for the system of social stratification, while those with fewer resources are more likely to seek change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rigid system, such as a closed system, has strictly defined social statuses and no social mobility, whereas a flexible system, such as an open system, allows for social mobility and achievement-based social status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The caste system is a rigid system with clearly demarcated boundaries, where social statuses are determined at birth and access to opportunities is strictly defined, with no social mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In an open system, social position is determined by economic criteria, such as income, and access to opportunities is influenced by individual achievement and economic status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closed systems are rigid and do not allow for social mobility, whereas open systems are flexible and allow for social mobility through individual achievement and economic criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those with greater social privileges tend to support the system, while those with fewer resources seek change, highlighting the potential for social tension and conflict between groups with differing interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social mobility, where individuals can move up or down the class scale, and status can improve or decline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through beliefs about racial inferiority of the enslaved and legal justification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In an open system, social position is achieved through effort, whereas in a closed system, social position is ascribed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the best example of an open system of stratification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caste membership is ascribed, whereas social class membership depends on characteristics that the individual can control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marks the end of a closed system of stratification, where humans were treated as property.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social mobility affects an individual's life chances, as it allows for changes in status and access to opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification provides an effective mechanism for role allocation and performance, as greater functional importance of a position leads to more rewards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The physical traits chosen to define race are arbitrary and could be based on characteristics such as red hair, ear shape, or skin color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These terms are social groups, not genetically distinct branches of humankind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower classes tend to lack access to education and opportunities for further education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification is a real cultural, political, and economic concept that leads to division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The greater the functional importance of a position, the more rewards a society will attach to it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These aspects vary by social class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower class families tend to be larger, with less emphasis on individuality and more on gender-based division of labor, while higher class families encourage individuality and imagination in their children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wealthier individuals have better access to healthcare, leading to a 7-year increase in life expectancy, while poverty can reduce life expectancy by 10 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Well-educated parents tend to value education and socialize their children to do so, perpetuating social class divisions and limiting social mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher class individuals tend to form friendships based on shared interests and leisure activities, while lower class individuals may have more limited social networks and support systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower class families are more likely to be single-parent households, which can impact childhood development and future life chances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher class families tend to encourage individuality and imagination in their children, while lower class families may prioritize conformity and gender-based roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social class affects access to healthcare, education, and other resources, perpetuating social inequality and limiting social mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary difference is that an estate system is based on law and inheritance, while a class system is based on relationship to the means of production. An estate system is less rigid and allows for some social mobility, whereas a class system allows for more significant social mobility due to the emphasis on roles and economic relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life chances refer to the opportunities and benefits that an individual has access to due to their social position. In modern industrial societies, social class affects access to opportunities, and individuals with higher social status have better life chances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern industrial societies have a social class structure comprising a small upper class, larger middle classes, working class, and lower class. This structure is based on roles and economic relationships, and allows for significant social mobility. In contrast, the estate system is based on law and inheritance and has a more rigid hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification is closely tied to the idea of ascribed and achieved statuses, where ascribed statuses are determined by birth or inheritance, and achieved statuses are determined by individual effort and merit. In modern industrial societies, achieved statuses are more prevalent, while in estate systems, ascribed statuses play a more significant role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary difference is that the estate system is less rigid and allows for some social mobility, whereas the caste system is highly rigid and restricts social mobility. While both systems are based on birth and inheritance, the caste system has a more rigid hierarchy and is based on purity and pollution customs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In modern industrial societies, social class is defined by an individual's relationship to the means of production, and is based on roles and economic relationships. This allows for significant social mobility, as individuals can change their roles and economic relationships to move up or down the social hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power refers to the ability to control resources and make decisions, while prestige refers to social status and respect. In modern industrial societies, power and prestige are closely tied to social class, with higher social classes having more power and prestige.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification limits access to education and opportunities for lower-class individuals, perpetuating social inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biologically, there are no distinct races, but socially, race is a real cultural, political, and economic concept that leads to division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Davis-Moore thesis argues that social stratification provides an effective mechanism for role allocation and performance, with greater rewards attached to more important positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Housing, sanitation, and security vary by social class, with lower-class individuals experiencing inferior living conditions and reduced access to basic necessities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification affects family structure and childhood development, with lower-class families experiencing reduced access to resources and opportunities, leading to social inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social class affects access to education, which in turn impacts social mobility and life chances, with lower-class individuals experiencing reduced access to education and opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification provides an effective mechanism for role allocation and performance, with economic relationships influencing access to resources and opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The survival rate of women passengers on the Titanic illustrates that social class has a significant impact on life chances, with first-class passengers having a higher rate of survival than second-class and third-class passengers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to Max Weber, power is related to occupation and wealth in that individuals with high-status occupations and wealth have more power and influence over others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary difference between a system of social stratification based on property and one based on prestige is that property-based systems prioritize material possessions and wealth, while prestige-based systems prioritize social esteem and recognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social class affects an individual's access to opportunities and resources by determining their access to education, employment, healthcare, and other essential services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification has a direct impact on an individual's life chances, with individuals from higher social classes having better access to resources and opportunities that can increase their life chances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of social stratification relates to the idea of 'life chances' in that it determines an individual's access to resources and opportunities that can increase their life chances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary difference between social stratification systems based on property, power, and prestige is that they prioritize different aspects of social status, with property-based systems prioritizing material possessions, power-based systems prioritizing influence and control, and prestige-based systems prioritizing social esteem and recognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic-based stratification is related to social status stratification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They use their ideas and values to maintain control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groups in society are able to influence activities to their benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One can exist without the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are critical to shaping the nature of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lobby the state and political parties, and engage in political arrangements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are powerless and unable to engage in political arrangements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying assumption is that natural ability and talent may not be widespread in society, and therefore, a system of stratification with differential rewards based on meritocracy is necessary to motivate those with the requisite talent to compete for important roles in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conflict theorists see social stratification as a struggle for dominance in society, and believe that the ruling class maintains its dominance by controlling or influencing institutions such as the political system, educational system, and legal system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The functionalist perspective sees social stratification as functional and necessary for the survival of society, whereas the conflict perspective sees it as a source of inequality and a means of maintaining dominance. Functionalists focus on the functional importance of social positions, while conflict theorists focus on the distribution of power and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to Davis and Moore, the functional importance of a job is directly related to the rewards associated with it, with more important jobs requiring higher rewards to motivate individuals to fill them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Davis and Moore's theory implies that social mobility is possible through the achievement of merit-based rewards, and that access to opportunities is dependent on an individual's ability to compete for these rewards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The educational system is seen as a means of perpetuating the dominance of the ruling class by shaping the values and ideology of society, and limiting access to opportunities for those from lower social classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of meritocracy is central to Davis and Moore's theory, as they argue that rewards should be based on merit and talent. However, this can also perpetuate social inequality by limiting access to opportunities for those from lower social classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'haves' possess economic power, money, and prestige, while the 'have-nots' lack these resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification can result in increases in social problems such as crime and poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strongest, most intelligent, and capable individuals have access to resources, leading to social inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of positive discrimination policies may worsen the system they aim to correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Values play a significant role in shaping how society should be organized and addressing social inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification can result in social conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration of power, money, and prestige in the hands of a few individuals leads to social inequality and privilege.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification is a complex and controversial area of research that involves both facts and values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An individual may lack acceptance in society, despite possessing economic power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social stratification involves the organization of society into different groups, based on access to resources and opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers