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Questions and Answers
Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for diffusion and filtration, such as in the lungs and blood vessels?
Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for diffusion and filtration, such as in the lungs and blood vessels?
What characteristic is used to describe connective tissue?
What characteristic is used to describe connective tissue?
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary, slow, and rhythmical contractions in the walls of hollow organs?
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary, slow, and rhythmical contractions in the walls of hollow organs?
What is the primary function of neuroglia cells?
What is the primary function of neuroglia cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary system?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary system?
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What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
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Which plane divides the body into front and back portions?
Which plane divides the body into front and back portions?
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Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?
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What is the function of the AV node in the cardiac electrical system?
What is the function of the AV node in the cardiac electrical system?
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Which event is indicated by the QRS complex on an ECG?
Which event is indicated by the QRS complex on an ECG?
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During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles relax and fill with blood?
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles relax and fill with blood?
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What happens to the AV valves during ventricular contraction?
What happens to the AV valves during ventricular contraction?
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What is the ejection fraction (EF)?
What is the ejection fraction (EF)?
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What is the main function of a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)?
What is the main function of a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)?
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Which of the following best describes a Newtonian fluid?
Which of the following best describes a Newtonian fluid?
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Flashcards
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Layers of cells that cover body surfaces and cavities.
Endothelial Cells
Endothelial Cells
Cells that line the inner surface of blood vessels.
Absorption
Absorption
The process of taking substances into cells across a membrane.
Secretion
Secretion
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Stratified Epithelium
Stratified Epithelium
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Cuboidal Cells
Cuboidal Cells
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Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
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Neurons
Neurons
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Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System
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Diastole
Diastole
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Systole
Systole
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Pacemaker Cells
Pacemaker Cells
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Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
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Hematocrit
Hematocrit
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Fahraeus-Lindqvist Effect
Fahraeus-Lindqvist Effect
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Study Notes
Tissues - Slide 13
- Epithelial tissues cover body surfaces
- Types: epithelial (skin, airways) and endothelial (blood vessels)
- Functions: absorption, secretion, transport, and protection
- Structures: layers and cell shapes
- Layer arrangement: simple (single layer), pseudostratified (single layer, varying heights), stratified (multiple layers)
- Cell shapes: squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), and columnar (tall rectangular)
- Pseudostratified layer of cells: Nuclei at the basal end of the cells
- Nuclei at different levels. Very tightly packed
Connective Tissue
- Most abundant tissue type
- Characterized by low cell density and large extracellular matrix
- Types
- Loose connective tissue: example, adipose tissue (fat storage)
- Dense regular: found in ligaments and tendons (parallel fibers)
- Dense irregular: found in dermis and capsules (randomly arranged fibers)
- Supportive connective tissues
- Cartilage: provides support and flexibility
- Bone: provides structural support and mineral storage
Fluid Connective Tissue
- Blood and lymph transport nutrients, oxygen, and immune cells
- Components: red blood cells (erythrocytes), platelets (thrombocytes), and white blood cells (leukocytes).
- Leukocytes (white blood cells) further classified based on presence/absence of granules into agranulocytes and granulocytes and based on function
Muscle Tissues
- Types: skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac (involuntary)
Nervous Tissue
- Responsible for sensing stimuli and transmitting signals
- Components: neurons (dendrites, cell body, axon) and neuroglia (oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells)
Organs and Organ Systems
- Organs are structures made of tissues
- Organ systems are groups of organs performing coordinated functions.
- Major organ systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, skeletal, muscular, integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic, digestive, urinary, and reproductive
Cardiovascular System
- Coronary artery disease and arrhythmias
- Functions: transport oxygen and nutrients, remove waste, remove metabolic products, regulate body temp Blood Circulation: Humans have approximately 5 liters of blood
- Proximity of blood vessels to cells that facilitates diffusion of oxygen, nutrients, and waste
- Pulmonary circuit: deoxygenated blood to lungs
- Systemic circuit: oxygenated blood to body
- Pulmonary vessels: transport blood to and from lungs
- Systemic vessels: transport blood to and from the body
- Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
- Veins: carry blood back to the heart
- Chambers, valves and pathways for blood flow
- Cardiac cycle: Includes diastole and systole
- Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and lowest in the veins
Cardiovascular System - Electrical
- Autorhythmic cells: generate electrical impulses that control heart rate (nodal tissues: SA node, AV node, bundle of His)
- Myocardial contractile cells: muscle cells
ECGs and Diagnosis
- ECGs measure electrical activity of the heart's conduction system
- Detect arrhythmias, heart blocks, and myocardial infarction.
Pacemakers and ICDs (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators)
- Used to treat abnormal heart rhythms
- Pacemakers regulate heart rate; ICDs deliver electrical impulses to correct arrhythmias
Cardiac Cycle Thermodynamics
- Blood pressure highest in arteries and lowest in veins
- Phases (systole/diastole): ventricular filling, atrial contraction, ventricular contraction, and ventricular relaxation
Blood Rheology
- Study of blood's characteristics as a fluid (viscosity, yielding stress)
- Factors influencing blood viscosity
- Key components involved in blood rheology
- Erythrocytes, plasma, white blood cells, and platelets
- Hematocrit, fibrinogen
Left Ventricular Heart Failure
- Reasons for failure
- Symptoms of failure
Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)
- Mechanical circulatory support for heart failure
- Used as a bridge to transplant or to recovery
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Description
This quiz covers the key concepts of epithelial and connective tissues, including their types, functions, and structural characteristics. It delves into arrangements of layers and cell shapes for epithelial tissues, as well as the abundant presence and types of connective tissues. Test your knowledge on these fundamental biological structures.
