Tissues of the Human Body

<p>Mesoderm gives rise to all of the body’s tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Merocrine exocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apocrine exocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Holocrine exocrine gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serous or mucous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stretching</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apocrine exocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dense irregular elastic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the walls of hollow internal structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mineral salts and collagenous fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the heart wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transporting fats absorbed in the intestine to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing motion, maintenance of posture, and heat production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reticular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dense connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dense connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mammalian skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stretching and distensibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney tubules and secretory portions of small glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trachea and upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ciliated simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connect cells to the extracellular matrix such as basal lamina, using integrin as the adhesion molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Block the movement of substances through the extracellular space between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adherens junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allow movement of small ions and molecules between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tissue is a group of cells with a similar embryological origin and specialized for a particular function. The three embryonic germ layers are the ectoderm (outer/superficial layer), mesoderm (middle layer), and endoderm (innermost/deep layer).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four primary adult tissue types are epithelial tissue (covers body surfaces and forms glands), connective tissue (protects and supports the body, stores energy reserves, and provides immunity), muscle tissue (responsible for movement and force generation), and nervous tissue (initiates and transmits nerve impulses, coordinates body activities, and contributes to homeostasis).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue cells are arranged in sheets, single or multiple layers, and cover body surfaces, line hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts, and form glands, providing protection for underlying tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue protects and supports the body and its organs, binds organs together, stores energy reserves as fat, and provides immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium remains moist in the mouth cavity, providing protection against abrasion and infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified cuboidal epithelium is rare and mainly protective, found in salivary, sweat, and mammary glands, functioning to provide protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified columnar epithelium is somewhat rare, found in the male urethra and ducts of some glands, and functions in protection and secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transitional epithelium lines the urinary bladder and portions of the ureters and urethra, and is capable of stretching to accommodate fluctuating volumes of urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gland is a single or mass of epithelial cells adapted for secretion. Endocrine glands are ductless, secreting hormones into the blood, while exocrine glands secrete products into ducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Merocrine glands release secretions via exocytosis, apocrine glands release fatty secretions in genital areas, and holocrine gland cells lyse and are destroyed after accumulating products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salivary glands are composed of serous or mucous glands, which produce either a watery or mucous secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body, highly vascular, and has a nerve supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones into the blood, regulating various physiological functions and processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocrine glands secrete products into ducts, providing lubrication, protection, and nourishment for various organs and surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Merocrine exocrine glands release secretions via exocytosis, delivering their products to specific target areas within the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apocrine exocrine glands release fatty secretions in genital areas, while holocrine gland cells lyse and are destroyed after accumulating products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three major types of cartilage mentioned in the text are hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage. Hyaline cartilage is found in the trachea, bronchi, and the ends of long bones; fibrocartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis; elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and epiglottis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle tissue is attached to bones, striated, and voluntary. It provides motion, maintenance of posture, and heat production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac muscle tissue forms most of the heart wall, is striated, and usually involuntary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth (visceral) muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow internal structures, is nonstriated, and usually involuntary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bones, or osseous tissue, consist of a matrix containing mineral salts and collagenous fibers, and cells called osteocytes. Osteocytes are involved in maintaining the mineral concentration of the matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood is a vascular tissue comprising a liquid matrix called plasma and formed elements derived from stem cells in the bone marrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymph is the interstitial fluid flowing in the lymph vessels, and it plays a role in transporting fats absorbed in the intestine to the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dense regular elastic tissues consist of both elastin and collagen ligaments in the vocal folds and ligaments between the vertebrae. They can recoil back to their original shape after being stretched.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dense irregular elastic tissues form the arterial walls and are a type of Dense Connective Tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cartilage is a connective tissue made of collagenous fibers embedded in a firm matrix of chondroitin sulfates. It includes chondrocytes and has no blood vessels or nerves (except in the perichondrium).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major cell of nervous tissue is the neuron, and nervous tissue is located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle tissue consists of fibers modified for contraction, providing motion, maintenance of posture, and heat production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functions of epithelia include protection, filtration, lubrication, secretion, digestion, absorption, transportation, excretion, sensory reception, and reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells of epithelia are interconnected by barrier-forming tight junctions, stabilizing anchoring junctions, and signal-conducting gap junctions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classification scheme for epithelia is based on a combination of layers and shapes of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple squamous epithelium is found in parts of the body subject to little wear and tear and lines the heart, blood vessels, and thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple cuboidal epithelium performs the functions of secretion and absorption and is found in kidney tubules and secretory portions of small glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium is a durable tissue, with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium forming a tough layer in mammalian skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelia adhere firmly to nearby connective tissue through a thin extracellular layer called the basement membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue is avascular, and the exchange of materials between epithelium and adjacent connective tissue is by diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue consists mostly of packer cells with little extracellular material, and epithelial cells have an apical surface and a basal surface attached to a base membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial cells have an apical surface and a basal surface attached to a base membrane, and many cell junctions are present in epithelial tissues, providing secure attachments among cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelia adhere firmly to nearby connective tissue through a thin extracellular layer called the basement membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different types of epithelial subtypes in the body include simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified, and stratified squamous epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>absorbs shock, allows diffusion of substances, and includes areolar and adipose tissue with distinct functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>found in subcutaneous layers and around muscle fibers, aids in nutrient passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>stores fat for energy, provides insulation, and supports and protects organs such as the kidneys and the back of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>forms a mesh-like framework for soft organs such as lymphatic vessels and certain organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>contains more collagen fibers, conferring greater strength and resistance to stretching</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ligaments, tendons, skin dermis, and heart valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>comprising elastic fibers and fibroblasts, can recoil back to its original shape after being stretched, found in lung tissue and elastic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and liquid (blood and lymph)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>providing tensile strength, flexibility, and support in various connective tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>contain granules with histamine and heparin, releasing histamine when tissue is irritated, causing vasodilation and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avascularity = Epithelial tissue is devoid of blood vessels Basement membrane = Thin extracellular layer that attaches epithelia to nearby connective tissue Tight junctions = Form barrier between cells, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid across epithelial layers Simple squamous epithelium = Found in parts of the body subject to little wear and tear, such as lining the heart, blood vessels, and cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration = Passage of materials through a filter or barrier Lubrication = Reduction of friction between surfaces Sensory reception = Detection of stimuli by specialized cells Transportation = Movement of materials across epithelial layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tight junctions = Form barrier to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid Anchoring junctions = Provide stability and resistance to mechanical stress Gap junctions = Allow direct communication and passage of small molecules between cells Desmosomes = Bind adjacent cells together and distribute mechanical stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue = Covers body surfaces; lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts; and forms glands—providing protection for underlying tissue Connective tissue = Protects and supports the body and its organs, binds organs together, stores energy reserves as fat, and provides immunity Muscle tissue = Responsible for movement and generation of force Nervous tissue = Initiates and transmits action potentials (nerve impulses) that help coordinate body activities, monitors the external environment, and contributes to homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue = Arranged in sheets, in either single or multiple layers Connective tissue = Contains collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers in the matrix Muscle tissue = Comprised of cells capable of contracting and generating force Nervous tissue = Consists of neurons and supporting cells; initiates and transmits nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectoderm = Outer, or superficial, layer of cells Mesoderm = Middle layer of cells Endoderm = Innermost, or deep, layer of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arranged in sheets, in either single or multiple layers = Epithelial tissue Contains collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers in the matrix = Connective tissue Comprised of cells capable of contracting and generating force = Muscle tissue Consists of neurons and supporting cells; initiates and transmits nerve impulses = Nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dense regular elastic tissues = Consist of both elastin and collagen ligaments in the vocal folds and ligaments between the vertebrae Dense irregular elastic tissues = Form the arterial walls and are a type of Dense Connective Tissue Cartilage = Made of collagenous fibers embedded in a firm matrix of chondroitin sulfates and includes chondrocytes with no blood vessels or nerves (except in the perichondrium) Bones (osseous tissue) = Consist of a matrix containing mineral salts and collagenous fibers, and cells called osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>Hyaline cartilage = Characterized by a glassy appearance, found in the nose, trachea, and larynx Fibrocartilage = Contains thick collagen fibers, found in intervertebral discs and the knee joint Elastic cartilage = Contains elastic fibers, found in the external ear and epiglottis</h1> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>Skeletal muscle tissue = Attached to bones, striated, and voluntary Cardiac muscle tissue = Forms most of the heart wall, is striated, and usually involuntary Smooth (visceral) muscle tissue = Found in the walls of hollow internal structures, is nonstriated, and usually involuntary</h1> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium = Remains moist in the mouth cavity Stratified cuboidal epithelium = Found in salivary, sweat, and mammary glands; mainly protective Stratified columnar epithelium = Found in the male urethra and ducts of some glands; functions in protection and secretion Transitional epithelium = Lines the urinary bladder and portions of the ureters and urethra; capable of stretching</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Merocrine exocrine glands = Release secretions via exocytosis Apocrine exocrine glands = Release fatty secretions in genital areas Holocrine exocrine glands = Cells lyse and are destroyed after accumulating products Serous or mucous glands = Composes salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocrine glands = Ductless; secrete hormones into the blood Exocrine glands = Secrete products into ducts Salivary glands = Composed of serous or mucous glands Gland = Single or mass of epithelial cells adapted for secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Highly vascular and has a nerve supply = Connective tissue Most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body = Connective tissue No blood vessels or nerves except in the perichondrium = Connective tissue Aids in nutrient passage and found in subcutaneous layers = Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages = Recruit and activate other immune system cells Mast cells = Release histamine when tissue is irritated, causing vasodilation and inflammation Fibroblasts = Contribute to the matrix and support different functions in the body Adipocytes = Store fat for energy, provide insulation, and support and protect organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate = Constitute part of the ground substance in the matrix Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers = Provide tensile strength, flexibility, and support in various connective tissues Ground substance = Comprises the matrix of connective tissue Fibers = Embedded in the matrix and contribute to the structural integrity of connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loose connective tissue = Absorbs shock, allows diffusion of substances, found between organs Areolar connective tissue = Aids in nutrient passage, found in subcutaneous layers and around muscle fibers Adipose tissue = Stores fat for energy, provides insulation, supports and protects organs Reticular connective tissue = Forms a mesh-like framework for soft organs such as lymphatic vessels and certain organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular arrangement of collagen fibers = Found in tendons and ligaments Irregular arrangement of collagen fibers = Found in skin dermis and heart valves Dense connective tissue = Contains more collagen fibers, conferring greater strength and resistance to stretching Elastic connective tissue = Comprising elastic fibers, can recoil back to its original shape after being stretched, found in lung tissue and elastic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers