Tissues Flashcards
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What is histology?

the study of tissue

What are the 4 basic types of tissue?

  • Nervous (correct)
  • Muscle (correct)
  • Connective (correct)
  • Epithelial (correct)

    • What are the 4 major functions of Epithelial Tissue?

  • Excretes (correct)
  • Protects underlying tissue (correct)
  • Secretes (correct)
  • Absorbs (correct)

    • Epithelial cells are tightly packed and not as easily penetrated as other tissues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe squamous cells.

    <p>flat and slightly irregular in shape, serve as a protective layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cuboidal cells?

    <p>Cells that look like small cubes and are found in glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe columnar cells.

    <p>Tall and rectangular looking, many of these cells are ciliated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A simple arrangement of epithelial tissue has one cell layer thick.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stratified arrangement of epithelial tissue consists of several layers of cells thick.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pseudostratified arrangement in epithelial tissue?

    <p>Cells have a layered appearance but extend from the basement membrane to the outer free surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe transitional epithelium.

    <p>Several layers of closely packed flexible and easily stretched cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mucous membranes?

    <p>Mucous production and lining all body cavities that open to the outside.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do glandular epithelia form?

    <p>Glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define exocrine glands.

    <p>Glands that lead to outside the body, are multicellular, and have ducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define endocrine glands.

    <p>Glands that are ductless and secrete hormones inside the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are goblet cells?

    <p>Unicellular glands that secrete mucus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is endothelium?

    <p>Epithelial tissue that lines the circulatory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term endocardium refer to?

    <p>Endothelium that lines the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mesothelium/serous tissue?

    <p>Tissue that lines cavities not open to the outside, protects, reduces friction, and secretes fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pleura?

    <p>A serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity around the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pericardium?

    <p>A serous membrane that covers the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is peritoneum?

    <p>Serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is connective tissue?

    <p>Tissue that allows movement and provides support for other types of tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is matrix?

    <p>Intercellular material with collagen and elastin fibers embedded in it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does loose connective tissue do?

    <p>Fills spaces between and penetrates into organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

    <p>Areolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 subgroups of connective tissue?

    <p>Dense Connective Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is areolar loose connective tissue known for?

    <p>Most widely distributed of connective tissues, easily stretched yet resists tearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fibroblasts?

    <p>Cells that are active in the repair of injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are histiocytes?

    <p>Cells that eat up debris and microorganisms outside the blood circulatory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mast cells?

    <p>Cells that function in the production of heparin and histamine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is heparin?

    <p>An anticoagulant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is histamine?

    <p>An inflammatory substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is adipose loose connective tissue used for?

    <p>Fat storage and protective packing around and between organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reticular loose connective tissue?

    <p>Forms the framework of liver, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe dense connective tissue.

    <p>Tightly packed protein fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the regular arrangements of fibers in dense connective tissue?

    <p>Tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the irregular arrangements of fibers in dense connective tissues?

    <p>Fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of specialized connective tissue?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dentin?

    <p>Tissue that forms the teeth, harder and denser than bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of connective tissue?

    <p>Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is muscle tissue?

    <p>Tissue with the ability to shorten and thicken or contract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of muscle tissue?

    <p>Smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is smooth muscle?

    <p>Involuntary muscle we do not control, found in the digestive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is striated/skeletal muscle?

    <p>Muscle that causes movement of the body by pulling on bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe cardiac muscle.

    <p>Found only in the heart, causes contraction of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nervous tissue?

    <p>Tissue that controls and coordinates body activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neuron?

    <p>Conducting cells that react to stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three things that nervous tissue makes up?

    <p>Various nerves of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most highly organized body tissue?

    <p>Nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells divide more rapidly in the ________ and much more slowly in ___________.

    <p>young; older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Injuries take longer to heal in the young than in older adults.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are histologists?

    <p>Medical professionals specializing in the study of tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do forensic scientists specialize in?

    <p>Analyzing tissue samples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fibrocartilage?

    <p>Intervertebral disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is elastic cartilage found?

    <p>Ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is synovial tissue?

    <p>Tissue that lines joints, a type of specialized connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are neuroglia?

    <p>Supporting cells in the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Histology

    • Study of tissue.

    Four Basic Types of Tissue

    • Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous.

    Functions of Epithelial Tissue

    • Protects underlying tissue.
    • Absorbs substances.
    • Secretes into glands.
    • Excretes waste through sweat glands.

    Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

    • Epithelial cells are tightly packed, minimizing penetration.

    Types of Epithelial Cells

    • Squamous cells: Flat, protective layer.
    • Cuboidal cells: Cube-shaped, found in glands, involved in secretion and protection.
    • Columnar cells: Tall, rectangular, often ciliated.

    Arrangements of Epithelial Tissue

    • Simple: One cell layer thick.
    • Stratified: Several layers thick.
    • Pseudostratified: Appears layered but extends from basement membrane to free surface.
    • Transitional: Flexible, easily stretched, several layers of tightly packed cells.

    Mucous Membrane

    • Produces mucous, lines body cavities open to outside (digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive tracts).

    Glandular Epithelium

    • Forms various glands.
    • Exocrine glands: Lead to outside the body, multicellular with ducts.
    • Endocrine glands: Ductless, secrete hormones inside the body.

    Specialized Cells

    • Goblet cells: Unicellular glands that secrete mucous.
    • Endothelium: Lines the circulatory system, including blood vessels.
    • Endocardium: Endothelium lining the heart.
    • Mesothelium/Serous tissue: Lines internal cavities, reduces friction.

    Serous Membranes

    • Pleura: Lines thoracic cavity around lungs.
    • Pericardium: Covers the heart.
    • Peritoneum: Lines abdominal cavity.

    Connective Tissue

    • Allows movement and provides structural support.
    • Abundant intercellular material (matrix) with collagen and elastin fibers.

    Types of Loose Connective Tissue

    • Areolar: Most widely distributed, assists in injury repair.
    • Adipose: Stores fat, provides protective packing.
    • Reticular: Forms framework for liver, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs.

    Connective Tissue Subgroups

    • Loose Connective Tissue, Dense Connective Tissue, Specialized Connective Tissue.

    Dense Connective Tissue

    • Characterized by tightly packed protein fibers.
    • Regular fibers: Tendons and ligaments.
    • Irregular fibers: Fascia, joint capsules, muscle sheaths.

    Specialized Connective Tissue

    • Includes cartilage, bone, dentin, blood, and lymphoid tissue.

    Connective Tissue Functions

    • Supports, nourishes, transports, connects, aids movement, protects, insulates, stores, and separates tissues.

    Muscle Tissue

    • Capable of contraction (shortening and thickening).

    Types of Muscle Tissue

    • Smooth: Involuntary, controls digestive tract movement.
    • Striated/Skeletal: Voluntary, moves body by pulling on bones.
    • Cardiac: Found in the heart, causes heart contraction, smaller cells.

    Nervous Tissue

    • Controls and coordinates activities, processes sensory information, and facilitates learning through memory.

    Neurons

    • Conducting cells that react to stimuli.

    Nervous Tissue Composition

    • Comprises the brain, spinal cord, and various body nerves.

    Tissue Healing Dynamics

    • Cell division is more rapid in youth and slower in older adults.
    • Injuries heal faster in younger individuals compared to older adults.

    Histologists and Forensic Scientists

    • Histologists: Study tissues.
    • Forensic Scientists: Analyze tissue samples.

    Types of Cartilage

    • Hyaline: Found in ribs, nose, trachea.
    • Fibrocartilage: Found in intervertebral disks.
    • Elastic: Found in ears, auditory tubes, epiglottis.

    Synovial Tissue

    • Specialized connective tissue that lines joints.

    Supporting Cells

    • Neuroglia: Provide support for neurons.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on histology and the four basic types of tissue with these flashcards. Explore the functions of epithelial tissue and see if you can answer true or false questions about tissue characteristics. This quiz is a great way to reinforce your understanding of biological tissues.

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