Tissue and Germ Layers Quiz 1

<p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudostratified epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tight junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemidesmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three embryonic germ layers are the outer (superficial) ectoderm, middle mesoderm, and innermost (deep) endoderm. The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system, epidermis, and other structures. The mesoderm contributes to the musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, and other internal structures. The endoderm forms the lining of the digestive tract and other internal organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue protects and supports the body and its organs, binds organs together, stores energy reserves as fat, and provides immunity. Examples of connective tissue include bone, blood, and adipose tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nervous tissue initiates and transmits action potentials (nerve impulses) that help coordinate body activities, monitor the external environment, and contribute to homeostasis. Examples of nervous tissue include the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts, and forms glands. It provides protection for underlying tissue. Examples of epithelial tissue include the skin and the lining of the digestive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue is arranged in sheets, consists mostly of packed cells with little extracellular material, has cell junctions for secure attachments among cells, and has apical and basal surfaces attached to a basement membrane. Its functions include protection, filtration, lubrication, secretion, digestion, absorption, transportation, excretion, sensory reception, and reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue contains tight junctions, which separate cells into basal and apical compartments and block movement of substances between cells; anchoring junctions, including desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and adherens, which hold cells together and resist stress; and gap junctions, which form intercellular passageways between cells, allowing the movement of small ions and molecules and coordinating functions in large groups of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue can be classified based on the number of layers (simple, stratified, pseudostratified) and the shapes of cells (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple squamous epithelium is found in areas subject to little wear and tear, lines heart and blood vessels, and lines thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Simple cuboidal epithelium functions in secretion and absorption and is found in kidney tubules and secretory portions of small glands. Simple columnar epithelium can be ciliated (fallopian tubes, bronchi) or nonciliated/smooth (digestive tract, bladder) and contains goblet cells that secrete mucus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium consists of several layers, with the top layer being flat and deeper layers varying in shape, and can be either keratinized (mammalian skin) or nonkeratinized (mouth cavity). Stratified cuboidal epithelium consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, functions in protection, and is found in salivary, sweat, and mammary glands. Stratified columnar epithelium consists of several layers, with only the top layer being columnar, functions in protection and secretion, and is found in male urethra and ducts of some glands. Transitional epithelium consists of several layers, has a variable appearance, and lines the urinary bladder and portions of ureters and urethra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudostratified epithelium appears as though it consists of multiple layers, but it is actually one layer. It can be ciliated (trachea, upper respiratory tract) or nonciliated. It is involved in the movement of mucus and the protection of underlying tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arrangement of epithelial tissue in either single or multiple layers affects its function and level of protection. Single-layered epithelium is suited for diffusion and filtration, while multiple-layered epithelium provides greater protection against mechanical and chemical stresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including protection, absorption, secretion, excretion, and sensory reception. It serves as a barrier, regulates the exchange of materials, and provides sensory input to the nervous system, contributing to the overall homeostasis of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>force</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>packed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>keratinized</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ciliated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>stretching</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pseudostratified</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consists of several layers, with only the top layer being columnar, functions in protection and secretion = Stratified columnar epithelium Found in areas subject to little wear and tear, lines heart and blood vessels, lines thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities = Simple squamous epithelium Found in the lining of the urinary bladder, consists of several layers, appearance is variable, capable of stretching = Transitional epithelium Functions in secretion and absorption, found in kidney tubules and secretory portions of small glands = Simple cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separate cells into basal and apical compartments, block movement of substances between cells = Tight junctions Connect cells to the extracellular matrix = Hemidesmosomes Intercellular passageways between cells, allow movement of small ions and molecules, coordinate functions in large groups of cells = Gap junctions Hold cells together, resist stress = Desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One layer that appears as several = Pseudostratified epithelium Several layers, top layer is flat, deeper layers vary in shape, can be either keratinized or nonkeratinized = Stratified squamous epithelium Cube-like cells, functions in protection, found in salivary, sweat, and mammary glands = Stratified cuboidal epithelium Rectangular cells, can be ciliated or nonciliated, contains goblet cells that secrete mucus = Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection, filtration, lubrication, secretion, digestion, absorption, transportation, excretion, sensory reception, reproduction = Functions of epithelial tissue Secure attachments among cells, apical and basal surfaces attached to a basement membrane = General features of epithelial tissue Separates cells into basal and apical compartments, blocks movement of substances between cells = Function of tight junctions Found in areas subject to little wear and tear, lines heart and blood vessels, lines thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities = Location and function of simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectoderm = Contributes to the formation of the epithelial lining of the mouth, anus, and the glands of the digestive system Mesoderm = Forms the muscles, bones, connective tissues, and the circulatory system Endoderm = Develops into the lining of the digestive tract and its associated organs, as well as parts of the respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial Tissue = Function: Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts, and forms glands; Example: skin, lining of digestive tract Connective Tissue = Function: Protects and supports the body and its organs, binds organs together, stores energy reserves as fat, and provides immunity; Example: bone, blood, adipose tissue Muscle Tissue = Function: Responsible for movement and generation of force; Example: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle Nervous Tissue = Function: Initiates and transmits action potentials (nerve impulses) that help coordinate body activities, monitor the external environment, and contribute to homeostasis; Example: brain, spinal cord, nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple Squamous Epithelium = Function: Allows for the rapid diffusion of substances; Location: Found in areas subject to little wear and tear, lines blood vessels, and the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Stratified Squamous Epithelium = Function: Provides protection against abrasion; Location: Found in keratinized form in mammalian skin and nonkeratinized form in the lining of the mouth, esophagus, and vagina Simple Cuboidal Epithelium = Function: Involved in secretion and absorption; Location: Found in kidney tubules and secretory portions of small glands Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium = Function: Involved in secretion and movement of mucus; Location: Lines the respiratory passages and portions of the male urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tight Junctions = Function: Forms a barrier to the passage of molecules and ions between cells; Location: Important in the lining of the digestive tract Gap Junctions = Function: Forms intercellular passageways between cells, allowing the movement of small ions and molecules, and coordinating functions in large groups of cells; Location: Found in cardiac and smooth muscle tissues Desmosomes = Function: Holds cells together and provides mechanical stability; Location: Important in the superficial layers of the skin and the cervix Hemidesmosomes = Function: Anchors cells to the basal lamina; Location: Found in the epithelia of the skin and other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers