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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between the 13910 position genotype and methylation levels at the promoter region?

  • Individuals with the T variant have lower methylation levels at the promoter region. (correct)
  • Individuals with the C variant have lower methylation levels at the promoter region.
  • Individuals with the C variant have higher methylation levels at the promoter region.
  • Individuals with the T variant have higher methylation levels at the promoter region.

    • What happens to lactase expression levels after weaning?

  • Lactase expression remains unchanged.
  • Lactase expression increases due to dietary changes.
  • Lactase expression decreases due to absence of lactose.
  • Lactase expression decreases due to methylation at the enhancer site. (correct)

    • Which factor appears to be continuously associated with lactase phenotypes in the text?

  • Gut flora composition
  • Absence of lactose
  • Dietary intake of lactose
  • Methylation levels at the enhancer site (correct)

    • How does the genotype at the 13910 position affect methylation levels at the enhancer site?

    <p>Affects methylation negatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does dietary change or lactose intake play in increasing lactase production?

    <p>Has no effect on lactase production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be a potential reason for differences in symptoms among lactase non-persistent individuals?

    <p>Gut flora composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do multiple independent mutations relate to various populations?

    <p>They are maintained in populations related to lifestock herding culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor outperforms the previously known genotype in predicting lactase persistence vs. lactase non-persistence phenotype?

    <p>-13910 position genotype combined with enhancer methylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does having the T variant in the -13910 position affect CpG site methylation at the enhancer?

    <p>-13910 T variant decreases methylation levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enhancer region in the context of lactase persistence?

    <p>It interacts with regulatory proteins to influence LCT gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do SNP variants contribute to lactase persistence?

    <p>They confer lactase persistence by mutating specific nucleotide positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it significant that individuals with a lactase persistence SNP at one position have a non-persistent SNP at others?

    <p>It suggests that these mutations are independent and region specific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mutations contribute to the evolution of new traits like lactase persistence?

    <p>Mutations gradually change gene regulation to evolve new traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of having the variant T at the -13910 position in the enhancer region?

    <p>It increases expression of the luciferase gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do SNPs at the enhancer region influence LCT enzyme activity?

    <p>They increase LCT enzyme activity by enhancing gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study suggest about individuals with different genotypes at the -13910 site?

    <p>Their lactase activity differs based on their cc, ct, or tt genotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does having different genotypes at the -13910 site influence DNA methylation levels?

    <p>Methylation levels vary depending on the CC, CT, or TT genotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of SNP variant T enhance gene expression at the MCM6 region?

    <p>By facilitating better interaction between activators and enhancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of having a C instead of a T at the position that allows activator binding?

    <p>Decreases luciferase gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic basis for lactase persistence mentioned in the text?

    <p>Methylation at the enhancer region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did lactase persistence become a common trait in some populations?

    <p>Selective advantage due to dairy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to potentially lactase persistent gene variants if there is no selective advantage for them?

    <p>They get eliminated through genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are gene variations typically originated according to the text?

    <p>Through mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process leads to the elimination of mutations that do not offer a selective advantage in a population?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of maintaining affinity between activator and enhancer for the LCT gene?

    <p>Promotes lactase persistence</p> Signup and view all the answers

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