Tipos de Software
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Questions and Answers

Que é un sistema operativo?

  • Un tipo de hardware
  • Un protocolo de comunicación entre dispositivos
  • Un conxunto de programas que se executan no ordenador (correct)
  • Un dispositivo de almacenamento externo

    • Cal das seguintes afirmacións describe mellor as funcións dun sistema operativo?

  • Garda datos de usuario en formato cifrado
  • Controla só a parte física do computador
  • Xestiona procesos, memoria, e arquivos (correct)
  • Só permite a interconexión de redes

    • Que componentes son necesarios para que os programas funcionen adecuadamente?

  • Só sistema operativo
  • Só software de aplicación
  • Só hardware avanzado
  • Sistema operativo e hardware (correct)

    • Que se entende por 'virtualización' no contexto dos sistemas operativos?

    <p>O uso de múltiples sistemas operativos na mesma máquina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Por que é importante o sistema operativo para un ordenador?

    <p>Permite que os componentes hardware funcionen xuntos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que tipo de sistema operativo permite que múltiples usuarios accedan ao sistema ao mesmo tempo?

    <p>Sistemas multiusuario</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal é a principal característica dos sistemas operativos monotarea?

    <p>Só permiten unha tarefa á vez por usuario</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que tipo de sistema operativo é un exemplo de sistema monoproceso?

    <p>MS-DOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Os sistemas multitarefa son sempre multiproceso?

    <p>Non, poden ser monoproceso alternando entre tarefas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A clasificación por modo de administración de usuarios inclúe que dúas categorías?

    <p>Monousuario e multiusuario</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que garante a sincronización dos procesos?

    <p>Que só un proceso poida acceder a un recurso á vez.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que tipo de procesos son aqueles que non interfiren entre si?

    <p>Procesos independentes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal é un exemplo de procesos independentes?

    <p>Un navegador, un editor de texto, un reproductor MP3 e un xogo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que pode provocar a falta de sincronización entre procesos cooperantes?

    <p>Un acceso inadecuado a recursos compartidos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal é a función principal do sistema operativo en relación aos procesos?

    <p>Gardar a sincronización e asegurar o acceso exclusivo aos recursos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal das seguintes opcións non é unha función principal dun sistema operativo?

    <p>A recuperación de datos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que función realiza un sistema operativo para xestionar a memoria?

    <p>Reserva e liberación de memoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que proporciona un sistema operativo para a interacción do usuario?

    <p>Un entorno para comunicarse mediante comandos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cales son as principais tarefas relacionadas co control de dispositivos de E/S?

    <p>Coordinación de procesos con dispositivos de E/S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que tipo de interfaces proporcionan os sistemas operativos modernos?

    <p>Interfaces Gráficas de Usuario intuitivas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Software Types

    • Software is the logical part of a computer system.
    • System software: manages computer hardware.
    • Application software: programs used by users.
    • Programming software: programs that allow users to create other software.
      • Includes editors, compilers, interpreters, debuggers, and IDEs.

    Introduction

    • Software is a set of programs that run on a computer
    • A program is a set of instructions that execute information. All tasks performed using a computer are made up of instructions that are executed.
    • Programs
    • System software is a support software that is critical for programs to run. Without it a high-quality piece of hardware would have no utility

    Types of Software

    • System software: manages computer hardware.
      • The operating system, device drivers, diagnostic tools, optimization tools, and other administrative utilities.
    • Programming software: programs that allow users to create other software.
      • Editors, compilers, interpreters, debuggers, and IDEs
    • Application software: programs used by users.
      • Different types of applications based on the intended use of the user (e.g. medical, legal, general-purpose software for everyday use

    Components of an Operating System

    • Kernel: The core of the operating system that interacts directly with the hardware
    • Services: Provide different functionality (e.g., memory, process, device managers)
    • Shell (or command interpreter): allows users to interact with the OS through commands.

    History of Operating Systems

    • First generation (1940s-1950s): vacuum tubes, and panels. The programmer had complete control of the system.
    • Second generation (1956-1963): transistors and batch systems. Operators began to manage jobs in batches to improve efficiency
    • Third generation (1963-1979): integrated circuits and multiprocessing. This is where more tasks were allowed to execute simultaneously, boosting efficiency
    • Fourth generation (1980s-present): personal computers and distributed systems. User-friendliness improvements were significant, along with advancements in network and distributed systems.

    Functions of an Operating System

    • Process management: creation, termination, and scheduling of processes. Also managing critical sections.
    • Memory management: allocating and deallocating memory, managing memory spaces.
    • I/O management: managing input and output operations. Coordinate all E/S devices.

    API (Application Programming Interface)

    • An interface through which programs interact with the operating system.
    • Exposes system services (resources) for applications

    Process Management

    • Process: A running program.
    • Components: instruction code, data, and stack.
    • The operating system controls how these resources are used,
    • Creating, terminating, scheduling, managing critical sections

    Process States

    • New
    • Ready
    • Running
    • Blocked
    • Terminated

    Process Scheduling

    • CPU scheduling techniques
    • Non-preemptive scheduling: If a process is granted the CPU, it keeps it until it’s finished or blocks
    • Preemptive scheduling: OS takes control and gives the CPU to another process

    Types of Process Scheduling Algorithms

    • First-come, first-served (FCFS)
    • Shortest job first (SJF)
    • Shortest remaining time first (SRTF)
    • Round Robin (RR)

    Memory Management

    • Memory allocation
    • Memory protection
    • Memory management (allocation and deallocation, protection, and sharing mechanisms).
    • Handling fragmentation
    • Various methods for handling continuous and non-continuous memory allocation

    Virtualization

    • Virtualization provides a simulated computer environment for running multiple guest OS’s.
    • Allows multiple systems to share the same physical resources.
    • Different types of virtualization
    • Hardware virtualization
    • System virtualization
    • Ex: Oracle VirtualBox, or VMware.

    File System Management

    • Managing files and directories on storage devices, providing mechanisms to manipulate and access them.
    • Access controls (reading/writing privileges), file integrity assurance, and storage management.

    I/O Management

    • Handles communications between the CPU/ Memory and peripheral devices.
    • Techniques:
      • Interrupts
      • Direct Memory Access (DMA)

    Additional Topics

    • Sandbox: Provides a contained environment to run software with restricted access to the system.

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    Related Documents

    UT 3. Sistemas Operativos. Instalación PDF

    Description

    Este cuestionario explora os diferentes tipos de software, incluíndo software de sistema, software de aplicación e software de programación. A comprensión destes conceptos é esencial para a administración e desenvolvemento de sistemas informáticos. Proporciona unha visión xeral das funcións e ferramentas que cada tipo de software implica.

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