Tipos de Mantenimiento en Empresas

Types of Maintenance Used in a Company

Preventive Maintenance (PM): Scheduled maintenance to prevent equipment failures. This includes routine inspections, lubrication, cleaning, and minor repairs. Aims to detect potential problems before they impact operations. Examples include replacing filters, lubricating machinery, and performing safety checks.
Predictive Maintenance (PdM): Uses data analysis and sensors to predict equipment failures. This involves monitoring equipment health through vibration, temperature, and other parameters. Actions taken are based on the analyzed data, thus avoiding unscheduled breakdowns. Includes using vibration analysis, thermography, and condition monitoring.
Corrective Maintenance (CM): Maintenance performed to fix a problem when a machine breaks down. Often reactive in nature, aiming to restore operational status as quickly as possible. This can range from simple repairs to major overhauls.
Breakdown Maintenance (BM): A reactive approach focusing solely on repairing equipment failures when they happen. Often the least efficient form of maintenance, as it may lead to production interruptions.
Routine Maintenance: Scheduled tasks performed regularly, often involving simple inspections, cleaning, minor repairs, and adjustments aimed at maintaining the current state of the equipment
Planned Maintenance: Scheduled tasks based on a predefined maintenance plan that incorporates PM, PdM, and CM activities into manageable scopes.
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM): A comprehensive approach emphasizing employee involvement in maintaining equipment and improving efficiency. It goes beyond reactive and preventive maintenance, aiming for zero downtime and optimized equipment performance. Includes employee empowerment and problem-solving.

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)

OEE: Measures equipment performance against its potential by considering availability, performance, and quality. Calculates the percentage of planned production time that is actually productive and high-quality.
Availability: The percentage of scheduled time where equipment is operational.
Performance: The percentage of time equipment operates at its intended speed.
Quality: The percentage of products produced that meet required standards. Can be calculated by evaluating the number of defects or reworks.

Maintenance Taxonomies

Definitions: Classify and categorize various maintenance activities and philosophies to provide a structured framework for understanding and implementing different maintenance strategies in an organization. They provide methods to categorize, group and plan maintenance jobs and schedule tasks.
Taxonomy Examples: One example is classifying maintenance strategies into reactive, preventive, and predictive. Another would be sorting jobs by the equipment type, location, or priority.

Maintenance Techniques

Vibration Analysis: Monitoring equipment vibrations to detect unusual patterns indicative of mechanical problems.
Thermography (Thermal Imaging): Identifying overheating in components, highlighting potential issues like friction or electrical faults.
Ultrasonic Testing: Using sound waves to detect cracks, corrosion, and other flaws in the equipment.
Oil Analysis: Examination of machine oil to assess contamination levels, wear particles, and other performance indicators related to equipment health.
Acoustic Emission Testing: Utilizing sound signals emitted by material or structure during stress.
Penetration Testing: Using special compounds to identify problems (e.g., cracks, leaks, corrosion).
Pressure Monitoring: Monitoring pressure within systems to detect leaks or other pressure-related anomalies.
Leak Detection: Various techniques to identify leaks from pipes, valves, or containers.
Condition Monitoring: An approach to assess the health and performance level of assets. It includes tools to diagnose faults at an early stage and prevent total breakdowns. Examples include vibration analysis and thermography monitoring.
Root Cause Analysis: Studying the underlying causes of equipment failures or problems with the aim of preventing future occurrences. This involves a systematic investigation to pinpoint the actual reason.

Additional Considerations

Maintenance Planning and Scheduling: Developing plans for maintenance interventions, allocating resources and scheduling tasks effectively.
Maintenance Costs: Estimating, monitoring, and controlling maintenance expenditures to ensure cost-effectiveness.
Maintenance Records: Maintaining accurate and up-to-date records of maintenance activities, parts used, and time spent on each intervention.
Maintenance Personnel and Training: Ensuring skilled maintenance personnel and continuous training to maintain high standards and efficiency in maintenance tasks.