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Questions and Answers
During a critical period in early development, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees. This is an example of:
During a critical period in early development, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees. This is an example of:
Which term refers to the specific time when a given event or its absence has a specific impact on development?
Which term refers to the specific time when a given event or its absence has a specific impact on development?
In the context of development, what is the totality of nonhereditary, or experiential, influences?
In the context of development, what is the totality of nonhereditary, or experiential, influences?
Which principle states that as people gain in one area of development, they may lose in some aspects as well?
Which principle states that as people gain in one area of development, they may lose in some aspects as well?
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Biological abilities weaken with age, but cultural supports could help compensate for the loss. This statement emphasizes:
Biological abilities weaken with age, but cultural supports could help compensate for the loss. This statement emphasizes:
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Which term refers to times in development when a person is particularly open to certain kinds of experiences?
Which term refers to times in development when a person is particularly open to certain kinds of experiences?
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According to the Mechanistic Model of John Locke, people are compared to:
According to the Mechanistic Model of John Locke, people are compared to:
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Which model states that people are active, growing organisms setting their own development motion?
Which model states that people are active, growing organisms setting their own development motion?
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In Erikson's Psychosocial Stages, which stage occurs from 3 to 6 years focusing on initiative and guilt?
In Erikson's Psychosocial Stages, which stage occurs from 3 to 6 years focusing on initiative and guilt?
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Which theoretical perspective includes theories by Bandura and focuses on observational learning and social influences?
Which theoretical perspective includes theories by Bandura and focuses on observational learning and social influences?
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According to Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory, which level of the environment includes influences like family, peers, and school?
According to Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory, which level of the environment includes influences like family, peers, and school?
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What defines plasticity in development?
What defines plasticity in development?
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What is included in the concept of Socioeconomic Status?
What is included in the concept of Socioeconomic Status?
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Which area of development involves changes in sensory capacities and motor skills?
Which area of development involves changes in sensory capacities and motor skills?
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In what way does culture influence development?
In what way does culture influence development?
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What are normative age-graded influences?
What are normative age-graded influences?
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How does plasticity in development relate to aging?
How does plasticity in development relate to aging?
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What is the primary focus of Psychoanalytic Psychosexual Stages of development?
What is the primary focus of Psychoanalytic Psychosexual Stages of development?
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Study Notes
Key Development Concepts
- Imprinting: Young animals often form attachments to the first moving object they encounter during a critical period in early development.
- Critical Period: The specific time when an event has a significant impact on development.
- Environmental Influences: The totality of nonhereditary or experiential influences affecting development.
Development Principles
- Compensatory Principle: As individuals gain strengths in certain development areas, they may experience losses in other aspects.
- Cultural Compensations: While biological abilities decline with age, cultural supports can help mitigate these declines.
Sensitive Periods
- Sensitive Periods: Times in development when individuals are particularly receptive to specific experiences.
Theoretical Models
- Mechanistic Model (John Locke): Compares individuals to machines, emphasizing passive learning from the environment.
- Organismic Model: Argues that individuals are active, self-directing organisms responsible for their developmental progress.
Erikson's Stages
- Initiative vs. Guilt: Occurs between ages 3 to 6, focusing on the development of initiative and the balance between initiative and guilt.
Learning Theories
- Social Learning Theory: Associated with Bandura, this perspective emphasizes observational learning and the role of social influences.
Bronfenbrenner's Theory
- Microsystem Level: Encompasses the immediate environment including family, peers, and schools.
Developmental Plasticity
- Plasticity: Refers to the capacity for change in development, meaning that individuals can adapt or alter their growth in response to experiences.
- Socioeconomic Status (SES): Includes factors like income, education level, and occupation, which significantly influence development.
Areas of Development
- Physical Development: Involves sensory capacities and motor skill changes.
- Cultural Influence: Shapes perspectives, values, and behaviors, ultimately guiding development.
Influences and Aging
- Normative Age-graded Influences: These are typical influences that occur at specific ages (e.g., puberty, retirement).
- Plasticity and Aging: Highlights the possibility of adapting development even as individuals age.
Psychoanalytic Focus
- Psychoanalytic Psychosexual Stages: Centered on the influence of unconscious drives and childhood experiences on personality development.
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Description
Explore concepts like critical periods, sensitive periods, and imprinting in developmental psychology. Learn about Paul B. Baltes's life span developmental approach and how experiences during specific times can impact an individual's development.
