Time Course of Error Detection in ERP Studies
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Questions and Answers

What does the error-related negativity (ERN) mainly reflect?

  • A motivational significance of events (correct)
  • Sensory feedback from the environment
  • A delay in error correction responses
  • Proprioceptive information about the body

    • Which brain region is primarily associated with the source of the error-related negativity (ERN)?

  • Anterior cingulate cortex (correct)
  • Hippocampus
  • Occipital cortex
  • Frontal lobe

    • What is the estimated time frame for the peak of the ERN after the response?

  • 100 msec
  • 80 msec
  • 60 msec (correct)
  • 50 msec

    • What factor is assumed to not influence the peak timing of the ERN?

    <p>Sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive mechanism is suggested to explain the ERN?

    <p>Error-detection mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) relate to the error-related negativity (ERN)?

    <p>They show a temporal relationship in error correction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the presence of an internal 'error signal'?

    <p>It serves to compare internal goals with predicted outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the research suggest about error correction in cognitive processes?

    <p>It is one of the fastest cognitive processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym ERN stand for in the context of error processing?

    <p>Error Related Negativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the ANOVA, what was the mean amplitude for errors at electrode Cz?

    <p>-2.4 ± 3.3 μV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ERN conflict-detection model suggest about the ERN?

    <p>It reflects the degree of response conflict experienced by subjects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of error correction, what does LRP stand for?

    <p>Lateralized Readiness Potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after the response did the error-LRP show significant positivity?

    <p>128 msec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which task was used to investigate error correction in the subjects?

    <p>The Eriksen flanker task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant interaction found in the ANOVA related to error responses?

    <p>Electrode x Trial Type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were the trials structured in the experiment concerning compatible and incompatible trials?

    <p>40% compatible and 60% incompatible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Eriksen flanker task?

    <p>To focus on the letter in the center of a visual array.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the latency period for the onset of correct-LRP?

    <p>120 msec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative LRP indicate in the context of error correction?

    <p>Improper motor preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic information is provided about the subjects in the study?

    <p>They consisted of both genders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statistical test was used to determine the significant interval for the correct-LRP?

    <p>T-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which letters were used as target letters in the Eriksen flanker task?

    <p>H and S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of anterior cingulate activity in relation to ERNs?

    <p>It correlates with the degree of motor conflict experienced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compensation was provided to the subjects for their participation in the study?

    <p>They were paid for their participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the anterior cingulate cortex play in the discussed error-correction mechanism?

    <p>It is involved in conscious detection and motor command release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do on-line corrections in the double-step paradigm function regarding target displacement detection?

    <p>They occur even without conscious detection of target displacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the differences in the error-correction mechanisms being compared?

    <p>They differ in their functional characteristics and brain systems involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of brain potentials did Kutas and Donchin study in their research?

    <p>Movement-related brain potentials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about error signalling responses is false?

    <p>Error signalling only occurs in visual tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the error-correction mechanism discussed in the investigation?

    <p>It involves the intentional use of the contralateral limb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of error correction, what does the term 'visually guided reaching' refer to?

    <p>Reaching movements that rely heavily on sight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one functional characteristic that distinguishes the error-correction mechanism in this investigation?

    <p>It engages specific brain systems depending on consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of the control experiment mentioned?

    <p>Analyzing the motor command preparation time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many subjects participated in the control study?

    <p>Eight right-handed subjects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of responses were analyzed in the control experiment?

    <p>Only correct trials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was used as a reference for the EEG recordings?

    <p>Algebraic mean of the activity at the mastoid electrodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the digitization rate of the EEG recordings?

    <p>250 Hz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT included in the EEG recordings?

    <p>Analyses of erroneous responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method was employed to record eye movements during the experiment?

    <p>By means of bipolar montages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the age range of the subjects participating in the control study?

    <p>23 ⫾ 2.1 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What region of the brain is primarily associated with automatic error corrections in movements?

    <p>Posterior parietal cortex (PPC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of corrections can a patient with bilateral lesions of the PPC still make?

    <p>Deliberate slow corrections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the proposed model by Desmurget and Grafton, what role does the PPC play in error correction?

    <p>It predicts the movement end point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region processes discrepancies between expected and actual movement positions?

    <p>Posterior parietal cortex (PPC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate destination of the error signal generated by the PPC?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the medial frontal cortex in error processing?

    <p>Detecting and processing conflicts and errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the neural network involved in error detection is correct?

    <p>It includes both cortical and subcortical structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of motor learning is associated with 'error' potentials observed in the limbic cortex?

    <p>Error monitoring during performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Time Course of Error Detection and Correction in Humans

    • Healthy human subjects were studied using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to understand how errors are detected and corrected.
    • A model of feedforward error correction was used to predict the timing of errors and corrective actions.
    • Error-related negativity (ERN) appears immediately after errors in response- and stimulus-locked averages.
    • Lateralized readiness potential (LRP) reflects motor preparation.
    • Comparing ERN and LRP onset/timing reveals that corrective activity precedes the ERN.
    • Error correction is a rapid cognitive process, with corrective movements triggered as soon as the evaluation system identifies an error.
    • The amplitude of ERN increases with fast corrective movements.
    • ERN's source is likely in the anterior cingulate cortex.
    • Two models explain the ERN: error-detection or conflict-detection.

    Error Correction

    • The conflict-detection model proposes that ERNs reflect the evaluative nature of the anterior cingulate.
    • ERNs may index a general evaluative system processing event significance, including error and response conflicts.

    Materials and Methods

    • Sixteen right-handed subjects (mean age 24.6 years) participated.
    • The Eriksen flanker task was used to elicit errors and corrective movements.
    • Subjects responded with their right or left hand based on a central target letter (H or S) flanked by other letters.
    • Error trials were 40% compatible and 60% incompatible.
    • Some trials presented a degraded target to manipulate the perceptual quality of the stimulus for controlling the quality of information.
    • Electroencephalogram (EEG) data from 29 scalp locations was collected.
    • ERPs were averaged for correct responses, incorrect responses, and corrective responses to understand the detailed time course of error detection and correction.
    • A low-pass filter (8Hz) was applied.
    • A significant number of error trials (at least 100) were collected per subject.
    • Control experiments (unilateral vs bilateral movements) were conducted to compare ERN/LRP to error correction activities.

    Time Course of Error Correction

    • The onset of the corrective-LRP precedes the onset of the correct-LRP.
    • Corrective actions appear to start earlier than correct response preparations.
    • Corrective responses were analyzed with different reaction times (fast vs slow) to study how the reaction time impacts the processes.

    Factors Affecting Error Correction

    • ERN component amplitude appeared to correlate with reaction time speed of error correction.
    • When the stimulus quality (e.g. stimulus degradation) was reduced, error detection and correction latency were delayed.

    Conclusion

    • Error correction happens before or concurrently with ERN detection.
    • The ERN's amplitude relates to motor conflict.
    • Error-correction mechanism appears to proceed independently of conscious error detection (in some cases).

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    Time Course of Error Detection and Correction in Humans PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the time course of error detection and correction in humans as observed through event-related brain potentials (ERPs). It covers the mechanisms of error-related negativity (ERN) and lateralized readiness potential (LRP), highlighting their roles and timings in cognitive processes. Understand the cognitive models behind error detection and the neural correlates of these quick corrective actions.

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