Ticks and Parasites: Understanding the Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of a tick's chelicerae and hypostome?

  • To sense the presence of a potential host
  • To help the tick move through tall grass
  • To inject anticoagulant into the host's skin
  • To attach to the host and feed on its blood (correct)

    • Which type of tick is known to transmit Lyme disease to humans?

  • Rhipicephalus sanguineus
  • Ixodes scapularis (correct)
  • Amblyomma americanum
  • Dermacentor variabilis

    • What type of parasites are ticks?

  • Endoparasites
  • Nematoparasites
  • Ectoparasites (correct)
  • Hemoparasites

    • Where are ticks often found?

    <p>In tall grass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the relationship between parasites and their hosts?

    <p>Parasitology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of introduction of Sporothrix schenckii?

    <p>Through skin trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lesions formed in Sporotrichosis?

    <p>They are fluid-filled and itchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common occupation of people affected by Sporotrichosis?

    <p>Gardener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment approach for Sporotrichosis?

    <p>Topical and oral antifungal medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Sporothrix schenckii typically found?

    <p>In soil and decaying vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of quickly identifying C.auris in a hospitalized patient?

    <p>To take special precautions to stop the spread of its infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Candida commonly found adhering to implanted medical devices?

    <p>Because of its ability to form biofilms on various biomaterials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of mature biofilms produced by Candida?

    <p>The production of extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of biofilm formation by Candida?

    <p>It makes the fungus more resilient to environmental insults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials are able to support biofilm formation by Candida?

    <p>A variety of biomaterials used in clinical practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of removing the infected device in patients with Candida biofilm infections?

    <p>To eradicate the Candida biofilm, which is resistant to drug therapies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of not successfully treating Candida biofilm infections?

    <p>Development of bloodstream infections and invasive fungal infections with high risks of mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge in the treatment of fungal diseases?

    <p>Limited number of antifungal drug targets that do not cause host toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of fungal pathogenesis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an important fungal disease?

    <p>Histoplasmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is antifungal drug stewardship important?

    <p>To prevent the spread of antifungal drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of infection for dimorphic systemic mycoses?

    <p>Pulmonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fungi is NOT a primary pathogen?

    <p>Aspergillus fumigatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis?

    <p>Blastomycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are opportunistic fungal infections on the rise?

    <p>Increase in the number of people who have become immunocompromised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of infection for Aspergillus spores?

    <p>Inhalation of spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of dimorphic fungi?

    <p>They can change from mold to yeast form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate of untreated disseminated coccidioidomycosis?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is most susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for aspergillosis?

    <p>I.V. antifungals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common manifestation of paracoccidioidomycosis?

    <p>Cutaneous symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skin structures are degraded by enzymes produced by dermatophytes?

    <p>Keratin, elastin, and collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dermatophyte species is common?

    <p>Trichophyton sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical appearance of tinea corporis lesions?

    <p>Clearing, scaly center with raised red edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of topical treatment for tinea corporis?

    <p>2-4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of tinea infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for tinea pedis?

    <p>Athlete's foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antifungal medications is used to treat tinea corporis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are millions of dollars spent annually to treat tinea infections?

    <p>Because they are troublesome and not serious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about dimorphic fungi?

    <p>They can change form from mold to yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of infection for Histoplasma capsulatum?

    <p>Pulmonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are opportunistic fungal infections on the rise?

    <p>Due to an increase in people with compromised immune systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of infection for Aspergillus spores?

    <p>Through inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Paracoccidioidomycosis?

    <p>It is restricted to Central and South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Cryptococcus neoformans?

    <p>It is an opportunistic pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for Aspergillosis?

    <p>I.V. antifungal therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of Itraconazole in the treatment of fungal infections?

    <p>It is used for Dimorphic Systemic Mycoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of intestinal nematodes that helps them evade the host immune response?

    <p>Ability to change antigenic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intestinal nematode is the most common helminthic infection worldwide, affecting approximately 1 billion people?

    <p>Ascaris lumbricoides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Necator americanus (hookworms) transmitted to humans?

    <p>Through the skin when walking barefoot in contaminated soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of adult hookworms in the small bowel?

    <p>They suck blood from the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name of Taenia saginata?

    <p>Beef tapeworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do humans get infected with Toxocara canis?

    <p>Through ingesting eggs in contaminated soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hookworm infection on children?

    <p>It reduces their development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to keep pets wormed?

    <p>To prevent humans from getting infected with Toxocara canis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate of individuals infected with systemic candidiasis?

    <p>&gt;40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common species of Candida yeast that causes infection in humans?

    <p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Candida albicans that distinguishes it from dimorphic fungi?

    <p>It forms hyphae at 37°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Candida auris?

    <p>It is a multidrug-resistant fungus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of infection for most cases of candidiasis?

    <p>Endogenous source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the challenge in identifying Candida auris in laboratories?

    <p>It requires specialized technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between diabetes and candidiasis?

    <p>Diabetes is a risk factor for candidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the incidence of non-albicans Candida species?

    <p>It is increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of removing the infected device in patients with Candida biofilm infections?

    <p>To eradicate the fungal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge in treating fungal diseases?

    <p>Limited number of antifungal drug targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of dimorphic fungi?

    <p>Ability to change morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not successfully treating Candida biofilm infections?

    <p>Increased risk of bloodstream infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of fungal pathogenesis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of important fungal diseases?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the challenge in antifungal drug therapy?

    <p>Limited number of antifungal drug targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of antifungal drug stewardship?

    <p>To prevent the spread of antifungal drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

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