Ticks and Parasites: Understanding the Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of a tick's chelicerae and hypostome?

  • To sense the presence of a potential host
  • To help the tick move through tall grass
  • To inject anticoagulant into the host's skin
  • To attach to the host and feed on its blood (correct)

Which type of tick is known to transmit Lyme disease to humans?

  • Rhipicephalus sanguineus
  • Ixodes scapularis (correct)
  • Amblyomma americanum
  • Dermacentor variabilis

What type of parasites are ticks?

  • Endoparasites
  • Nematoparasites
  • Ectoparasites (correct)
  • Hemoparasites

Where are ticks often found?

<p>In tall grass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the relationship between parasites and their hosts?

<p>Parasitology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of introduction of Sporothrix schenckii?

<p>Through skin trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lesions formed in Sporotrichosis?

<p>They are fluid-filled and itchy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common occupation of people affected by Sporotrichosis?

<p>Gardener (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for Sporotrichosis?

<p>Topical and oral antifungal medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Sporothrix schenckii typically found?

<p>In soil and decaying vegetation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of quickly identifying C.auris in a hospitalized patient?

<p>To take special precautions to stop the spread of its infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Candida commonly found adhering to implanted medical devices?

<p>Because of its ability to form biofilms on various biomaterials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of mature biofilms produced by Candida?

<p>The production of extracellular matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of biofilm formation by Candida?

<p>It makes the fungus more resilient to environmental insults (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of materials are able to support biofilm formation by Candida?

<p>A variety of biomaterials used in clinical practice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of removing the infected device in patients with Candida biofilm infections?

<p>To eradicate the Candida biofilm, which is resistant to drug therapies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of not successfully treating Candida biofilm infections?

<p>Development of bloodstream infections and invasive fungal infections with high risks of mortality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in the treatment of fungal diseases?

<p>Limited number of antifungal drug targets that do not cause host toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of fungal pathogenesis?

<p>All of the above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an important fungal disease?

<p>Histoplasmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is antifungal drug stewardship important?

<p>To prevent the spread of antifungal drug resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of infection for dimorphic systemic mycoses?

<p>Pulmonary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fungi is NOT a primary pathogen?

<p>Aspergillus fumigatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis?

<p>Blastomycosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are opportunistic fungal infections on the rise?

<p>Increase in the number of people who have become immunocompromised (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of infection for Aspergillus spores?

<p>Inhalation of spores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of dimorphic fungi?

<p>They can change from mold to yeast form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate of untreated disseminated coccidioidomycosis?

<p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is most susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for aspergillosis?

<p>I.V. antifungals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common manifestation of paracoccidioidomycosis?

<p>Cutaneous symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin structures are degraded by enzymes produced by dermatophytes?

<p>Keratin, elastin, and collagen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dermatophyte species is common?

<p>Trichophyton sp. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical appearance of tinea corporis lesions?

<p>Clearing, scaly center with raised red edges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of topical treatment for tinea corporis?

<p>2-4 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of tinea infection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for tinea pedis?

<p>Athlete's foot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antifungal medications is used to treat tinea corporis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are millions of dollars spent annually to treat tinea infections?

<p>Because they are troublesome and not serious (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about dimorphic fungi?

<p>They can change form from mold to yeast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of infection for Histoplasma capsulatum?

<p>Pulmonary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are opportunistic fungal infections on the rise?

<p>Due to an increase in people with compromised immune systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of infection for Aspergillus spores?

<p>Through inhalation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Paracoccidioidomycosis?

<p>It is restricted to Central and South America (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Cryptococcus neoformans?

<p>It is an opportunistic pathogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for Aspergillosis?

<p>I.V. antifungal therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of Itraconazole in the treatment of fungal infections?

<p>It is used for Dimorphic Systemic Mycoses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of intestinal nematodes that helps them evade the host immune response?

<p>Ability to change antigenic properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intestinal nematode is the most common helminthic infection worldwide, affecting approximately 1 billion people?

<p>Ascaris lumbricoides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Necator americanus (hookworms) transmitted to humans?

<p>Through the skin when walking barefoot in contaminated soil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of adult hookworms in the small bowel?

<p>They suck blood from the mucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name of Taenia saginata?

<p>Beef tapeworm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do humans get infected with Toxocara canis?

<p>Through ingesting eggs in contaminated soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hookworm infection on children?

<p>It reduces their development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to keep pets wormed?

<p>To prevent humans from getting infected with Toxocara canis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate of individuals infected with systemic candidiasis?

<p>&gt;40% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common species of Candida yeast that causes infection in humans?

<p>Candida albicans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Candida albicans that distinguishes it from dimorphic fungi?

<p>It forms hyphae at 37°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Candida auris?

<p>It is a multidrug-resistant fungus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of infection for most cases of candidiasis?

<p>Endogenous source (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in identifying Candida auris in laboratories?

<p>It requires specialized technology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between diabetes and candidiasis?

<p>Diabetes is a risk factor for candidiasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the incidence of non-albicans Candida species?

<p>It is increasing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of removing the infected device in patients with Candida biofilm infections?

<p>To eradicate the fungal infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge in treating fungal diseases?

<p>Limited number of antifungal drug targets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of dimorphic fungi?

<p>Ability to change morphology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not successfully treating Candida biofilm infections?

<p>Increased risk of bloodstream infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of fungal pathogenesis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of important fungal diseases?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in antifungal drug therapy?

<p>Limited number of antifungal drug targets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of antifungal drug stewardship?

<p>To prevent the spread of antifungal drug resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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