Tick Classification and Morphology
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Questions and Answers

Which family of ticks is commonly known as hard ticks?

  • Rhipicephalus
  • Ixodida (correct)
  • Acari
  • Argasidae
  • What is the primary function of the palps found in ticks?

  • To pierce the host's skin
  • To cut a hole in the skin
  • To protect the hypostome during feeding (correct)
  • To transport blood back to the tick
  • Which stage of the tick life cycle is the largest?

  • Adult (correct)
  • Nymph
  • Larva
  • Egg
  • What type of tick is Rhipicephalus sanguineus commonly known as?

    <p>Brown dog tick (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the scutum cover in hard ticks?

    <p>Only the cranial portion of females (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many eggs can a female tick lay at one time?

    <p>Several thousand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is primarily used by ticks to suck blood?

    <p>Hypostome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which shape is NOT a typical body shape for non-engorged ticks?

    <p>Cuboidal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurs when a larva molts into a nymph?

    <p>It develops eight legs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many total hosts do two-host ticks utilize during their life cycle?

    <p>Two hosts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of tick paralysis?

    <p>Vomiting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is not associated with Dermacentor variabilis?

    <p>Babesiosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the acute phase of Ehrlichiosis in dogs?

    <p>Enlarged lymph nodes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the initial step in preventing tick-borne diseases?

    <p>Stay out of tick-infested areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential outcome of Lyme disease in dogs?

    <p>Recurrent lameness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism causes Babesiosis?

    <p>Protozoal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign is commonly observed within 5 days of tick attachment with Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

    <p>Fever. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tick species is known for causing tick paralysis more frequently in dogs than cats?

    <p>Dermacentor variabilis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these symptoms is associated with chronic infection of Ehrlichiosis?

    <p>Abnormal bleeding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial sign often appears with Babesiosis?

    <p>Anorexia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can the bacteria causing Ehrlichiosis remain without clinical symptoms?

    <p>Months or years. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Tick Classification

    Ticks belong to the Animalia kingdom, Arthropoda phylum, Arachnid class, and Acarina order. They are further categorized into Ixodida (hard ticks) and Argasidae (soft ticks) families.

    Tick Body Regions

    Ticks have two main body parts: the capitulum (with mouthparts) and the idiosoma (containing internal organs).

    Tick Mouthparts

    Tick mouthparts include two palps, two chelicerae, and one hypostome for penetrating the host skin and feeding.

    Tick Life Cycle Stages

    All ticks go through four life stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult.

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    Tick Egg Depostion

    Female ticks lay thousands of eggs, commonly in soil, and occasionally inside.

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    Tick Feeding

    Ticks feed on blood meals, which are especially necessary for female egg production

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    Tick Body Shapes

    Nonengorged ticks can be teardrop, oval, or rounded in shape.

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    Scutum in ticks

    The scutum is a dorsal plate or shield that covers part of the tick's body. Females have one on the head portion of the body of hard ticks; males have the full scutum.

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    Tick life cycle hosts

    Ticks may have 1, 2, or 3 hosts depending on the species.

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    One-host tick

    Ticks that stay on the same host for their entire life cycle. Only the adult leaves to lay eggs

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    Two-host tick

    Ticks that feed on one host as larva and nymph; then move to a second host as adults, reproduce, and die.

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    Three-host tick

    Ticks that feed on three different hosts during different life cycle stages.

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    Tick paralysis

    Neurological disorder caused by tick saliva toxins.

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    Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)

    Bacterial disease transmitted by ticks, characterized by fever and skin rash.

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    Lyme disease

    Bacterial disease transmitted by deer ticks, causing recurrent lameness in dogs.

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    Ehrlichiosis

    Protozoal disease transmitted by ticks, severe in dogs with chronic symptoms

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    Babesiosis

    Protozoal disease transmitted by ticks, affecting red blood cells.

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    Haemobartonellosis

    Bacterial infection transmitted by ticks impacting red blood cells causing fever and weakness.

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    Tick-borne diseases

    Infectious diseases transmitted by bites of ticks.

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    Tick removal

    Procedure for safely removing ticks from pets and humans.

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    Tick prevention

    Methods to reduce tick exposure and prevent tick bites.

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    Study Notes

    Tick Classification

    • Kingdom: Animalia
    • Phylum: Arthropoda
    • Class: Arachnida
    • Order: Acarina
    • Family: Ixodidae (hard ticks)
    • Family: Argasidae (soft ticks)

    Tick Genera and Species

    • Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Brown dog tick
    • Dermacentor variabilis: American dog tick or wood tick
    • Amblyomma americanum: Lone star tick
    • Amblyomma maculatum: Gulf Coast tick
    • Ixodes scapularis: Deer tick
    • Boophilus annulatus: Texas cattle fever tick
    • Otobius megnini: Spinose ear tick

    Tick Morphology and Body Parts

    • Two body regions: Capitulum and Idiosoma
    • Capitulum: Cranial portion containing mouthparts
      • Mouthparts: 2 palps, 2 chelicerae, 1 hypostome
      • Palps: Protective sheath for the hypostome
      • Chelicerae: Knife-like structures to cut into the host skin
      • Hypostome: Used by the tick to suck blood
    • Idiosoma: Caudal portion, contains most internal organs
      • Scutum: Dorsal plate covering the body
        • Shape varies between females and males of hard ticks
        • Females: Covers the cranial portion of the body
        • Males: Covers the entire body
        • Festoons: Rectangular grooves seen on caudal edge of some hard ticks
    • Body shapes (non-engorged): Teardrop, Oval

    Tick Life Cycle

    • Four life stages: egg, larva, nymph, adult
    • Adult stage is the largest in size
    • Sexual reproduction: Males and females copulate on a host.
    • Blood meal needed by females for egg production.
    • Females lay several thousand eggs in the environment (often soil).
    • Larva hatch from eggs.
    • Larvae undergo molting to nymph stage, which then molts to the adult stage.
    • Hosts requirement vary by species. Some require 1 host (one-host ticks), 2 (two-host ticks), and 3 (three-host ticks), for complete life cycle.

    Tick-Borne Diseases

    • Diseases transmitted by different tick species are mentioned. Diseases include: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Tularemia, Tick paralysis, Ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, babesiosis, hemorrhagic fever, and others.

    Clinical Signs of Tick-Borne Diseases

    • Various clinical signs associated with different tick diseases are listed.
      • Tick Paralysis
      • Vomiting, regurgitation, unsteadiness, weakness, partial/complete loss of muscle movements, poor reflexes, low muscle tone, dysphagia/dysphonia, respiratory muscle paralysis
      • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever signs
      • Lethargy, depression, anorexia, cardiac arrhythmia, discolored spots, inability to walk
      • Lyme Disease signs
      • Recurrent lameness, stiff walk/arched back, sensitivity to touch, breathing difficulty, fever, lack of appetite, depression, swollen lymph nodes
      • Ehrlichiosis signs
      • Enlarged lymph nodes, weakness, lethargy, depression, anorexia, dyspnea, limb edema
    • Other signs include swelling, bleeding, inflammation, pain, etc.

    Tick Diagnosis and Prevention

    • Diagnosis involves history, physical signs, serological testing, and blood smears.
    • Prevention strategies include avoiding tick-infested areas, proper tick removal, and spot-on treatments (such as Advantix II, Frontline), or oral medication (such as NexGard®).

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    Related Documents

    Ticks Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the classification and anatomy of ticks. This quiz covers various tick genera, species, and their unique body parts and functions. Explore the details of hard and soft ticks, as well as their specific adaptations.

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