Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which family of ticks is commonly known as hard ticks?
Which family of ticks is commonly known as hard ticks?
What is the primary function of the palps found in ticks?
What is the primary function of the palps found in ticks?
Which stage of the tick life cycle is the largest?
Which stage of the tick life cycle is the largest?
What type of tick is Rhipicephalus sanguineus commonly known as?
What type of tick is Rhipicephalus sanguineus commonly known as?
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What does the scutum cover in hard ticks?
What does the scutum cover in hard ticks?
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How many eggs can a female tick lay at one time?
How many eggs can a female tick lay at one time?
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What structure is primarily used by ticks to suck blood?
What structure is primarily used by ticks to suck blood?
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Which shape is NOT a typical body shape for non-engorged ticks?
Which shape is NOT a typical body shape for non-engorged ticks?
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What significant change occurs when a larva molts into a nymph?
What significant change occurs when a larva molts into a nymph?
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How many total hosts do two-host ticks utilize during their life cycle?
How many total hosts do two-host ticks utilize during their life cycle?
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What is a common symptom of tick paralysis?
What is a common symptom of tick paralysis?
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Which of the following diseases is not associated with Dermacentor variabilis?
Which of the following diseases is not associated with Dermacentor variabilis?
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What happens during the acute phase of Ehrlichiosis in dogs?
What happens during the acute phase of Ehrlichiosis in dogs?
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What should be the initial step in preventing tick-borne diseases?
What should be the initial step in preventing tick-borne diseases?
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What is one potential outcome of Lyme disease in dogs?
What is one potential outcome of Lyme disease in dogs?
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What type of organism causes Babesiosis?
What type of organism causes Babesiosis?
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What clinical sign is commonly observed within 5 days of tick attachment with Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
What clinical sign is commonly observed within 5 days of tick attachment with Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
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Which tick species is known for causing tick paralysis more frequently in dogs than cats?
Which tick species is known for causing tick paralysis more frequently in dogs than cats?
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Which of these symptoms is associated with chronic infection of Ehrlichiosis?
Which of these symptoms is associated with chronic infection of Ehrlichiosis?
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What initial sign often appears with Babesiosis?
What initial sign often appears with Babesiosis?
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How long can the bacteria causing Ehrlichiosis remain without clinical symptoms?
How long can the bacteria causing Ehrlichiosis remain without clinical symptoms?
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Study Notes
Tick Classification
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Arachnida
- Order: Acarina
- Family: Ixodidae (hard ticks)
- Family: Argasidae (soft ticks)
Tick Genera and Species
- Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Brown dog tick
- Dermacentor variabilis: American dog tick or wood tick
- Amblyomma americanum: Lone star tick
- Amblyomma maculatum: Gulf Coast tick
- Ixodes scapularis: Deer tick
- Boophilus annulatus: Texas cattle fever tick
- Otobius megnini: Spinose ear tick
Tick Morphology and Body Parts
- Two body regions: Capitulum and Idiosoma
- Capitulum: Cranial portion containing mouthparts
- Mouthparts: 2 palps, 2 chelicerae, 1 hypostome
- Palps: Protective sheath for the hypostome
- Chelicerae: Knife-like structures to cut into the host skin
- Hypostome: Used by the tick to suck blood
- Idiosoma: Caudal portion, contains most internal organs
- Scutum: Dorsal plate covering the body
- Shape varies between females and males of hard ticks
- Females: Covers the cranial portion of the body
- Males: Covers the entire body
- Festoons: Rectangular grooves seen on caudal edge of some hard ticks
- Scutum: Dorsal plate covering the body
- Body shapes (non-engorged): Teardrop, Oval
Tick Life Cycle
- Four life stages: egg, larva, nymph, adult
- Adult stage is the largest in size
- Sexual reproduction: Males and females copulate on a host.
- Blood meal needed by females for egg production.
- Females lay several thousand eggs in the environment (often soil).
- Larva hatch from eggs.
- Larvae undergo molting to nymph stage, which then molts to the adult stage.
- Hosts requirement vary by species. Some require 1 host (one-host ticks), 2 (two-host ticks), and 3 (three-host ticks), for complete life cycle.
Tick-Borne Diseases
- Diseases transmitted by different tick species are mentioned. Diseases include: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Tularemia, Tick paralysis, Ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, babesiosis, hemorrhagic fever, and others.
Clinical Signs of Tick-Borne Diseases
- Various clinical signs associated with different tick diseases are listed.
- Tick Paralysis
- Vomiting, regurgitation, unsteadiness, weakness, partial/complete loss of muscle movements, poor reflexes, low muscle tone, dysphagia/dysphonia, respiratory muscle paralysis
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever signs
- Lethargy, depression, anorexia, cardiac arrhythmia, discolored spots, inability to walk
- Lyme Disease signs
- Recurrent lameness, stiff walk/arched back, sensitivity to touch, breathing difficulty, fever, lack of appetite, depression, swollen lymph nodes
- Ehrlichiosis signs
- Enlarged lymph nodes, weakness, lethargy, depression, anorexia, dyspnea, limb edema
- Other signs include swelling, bleeding, inflammation, pain, etc.
Tick Diagnosis and Prevention
- Diagnosis involves history, physical signs, serological testing, and blood smears.
- Prevention strategies include avoiding tick-infested areas, proper tick removal, and spot-on treatments (such as Advantix II, Frontline), or oral medication (such as NexGard®).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification and anatomy of ticks. This quiz covers various tick genera, species, and their unique body parts and functions. Explore the details of hard and soft ticks, as well as their specific adaptations.
