Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between a TIA and a stroke?
What is the main difference between a TIA and a stroke?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of ischemic stroke?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of ischemic stroke?
Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to a cardio-embolic stroke?
Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to a cardio-embolic stroke?
Which of the following stroke types is the most common?
Which of the following stroke types is the most common?
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Which of the following conditions can lead to hypoperfusion, causing ischemic stroke? A) Septal defects B) Carotid artery stenosis C) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) D) Atrial fibrillation
Which of the following conditions can lead to hypoperfusion, causing ischemic stroke? A) Septal defects B) Carotid artery stenosis C) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) D) Atrial fibrillation
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Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke?
Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke?
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Which of the following conditions is considered a genetic factor that increases stroke risk?
Which of the following conditions is considered a genetic factor that increases stroke risk?
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Which of the following would add 2 points to the ABCD2 score when calculating stroke risk after a TIA?
Which of the following would add 2 points to the ABCD2 score when calculating stroke risk after a TIA?
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What is the maximum score on the ABCD2 score for assessing stroke risk after a TIA?
What is the maximum score on the ABCD2 score for assessing stroke risk after a TIA?
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Which of the following modifiable risk factors increases the likelihood of stroke?
Which of the following modifiable risk factors increases the likelihood of stroke?
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Which of the following factors contributes 2 points to the ABCD2 score when calculating stroke risk after a TIA?
Which of the following factors contributes 2 points to the ABCD2 score when calculating stroke risk after a TIA?
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If a TIA lasts for 30 minutes, what score would be added to the ABCD2 score for the duration of symptoms?
If a TIA lasts for 30 minutes, what score would be added to the ABCD2 score for the duration of symptoms?
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What is the score added to the ABCD2 score for a patient with unilateral weakness during a TIA?
What is the score added to the ABCD2 score for a patient with unilateral weakness during a TIA?
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Which of the following would contribute 1 point to the ABCD2 score?
Which of the following would contribute 1 point to the ABCD2 score?
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If a patient’s blood pressure during a TIA is recorded as 145/95, how many points would be added to the ABCD2 score for blood pressure?
If a patient’s blood pressure during a TIA is recorded as 145/95, how many points would be added to the ABCD2 score for blood pressure?
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A patient with a TIA presents with speech disturbance lasting 8 minutes. How many points will be added to the ABCD2 score for the clinical feature of speech disturbance?
A patient with a TIA presents with speech disturbance lasting 8 minutes. How many points will be added to the ABCD2 score for the clinical feature of speech disturbance?
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If a patient is younger than 60 years, how many points would be added to the ABCD2 score for age?
If a patient is younger than 60 years, how many points would be added to the ABCD2 score for age?
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What is the purpose of the ABCD2 score?
What is the purpose of the ABCD2 score?
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What is the ABCD2 score for a 55-year-old patient with right-sided weakness and speech disturbance lasting 10 minutes, a blood pressure of 130/80, and a full recovery?
What is the ABCD2 score for a 55-year-old patient with right-sided weakness and speech disturbance lasting 10 minutes, a blood pressure of 130/80, and a full recovery?
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Which of the following is a potential long-term risk after a TIA, even without intervention?
Which of the following is a potential long-term risk after a TIA, even without intervention?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with a TIA?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with a TIA?
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Which of the following is an example of a symptom associated with a vascular territory affected by a stroke?
Which of the following is an example of a symptom associated with a vascular territory affected by a stroke?
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Which of the following is the first step in thinking about a stroke diagnosis?
Which of the following is the first step in thinking about a stroke diagnosis?
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A TIA patient presents with unilateral weakness and slurred speech lasting 5 minutes. What is the most likely vascular territory affected?
A TIA patient presents with unilateral weakness and slurred speech lasting 5 minutes. What is the most likely vascular territory affected?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of a TIA affecting the anterior cerebral artery?
Which of the following is a common symptom of a TIA affecting the anterior cerebral artery?
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Which symptom is characteristic of a TIA affecting the vertebrobasilar system?
Which symptom is characteristic of a TIA affecting the vertebrobasilar system?
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Which symptom could indicate a TIA affecting the middle cerebral artery?
Which symptom could indicate a TIA affecting the middle cerebral artery?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of a TIA in the carotid artery distribution?
Which of the following is a common symptom of a TIA in the carotid artery distribution?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with a TIA affecting the posterior cerebral artery?
Which symptom is commonly associated with a TIA affecting the posterior cerebral artery?
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Which of the following symptoms is associated with a TIA affecting the brain's frontal lobe? A) Ataxia B) Hemispatial neglect C) Dysphasia D) Monocular blindness
Which of the following symptoms is associated with a TIA affecting the brain's frontal lobe? A) Ataxia B) Hemispatial neglect C) Dysphasia D) Monocular blindness
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Which of the following is characteristic of Total Anterior Circulation Syndrome (TACS)?
A) Homonymous hemianopia
B) Pure motor deficit
C) Pure sensory deficit
D) Clumsy-hand syndrome
Answer: A) Homonymous hemianopia
Explanation: TACS is caused by a large ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, affecting major areas of the brain. It is characterized by contralateral motor and/or sensory deficits, higher cortical dysfunction (e.g., aphasia, agnosia), and visual field deficits such as homonymous hemianopia (loss of vision in the same visual field of both eyes).
Which of the following is characteristic of Total Anterior Circulation Syndrome (TACS)? A) Homonymous hemianopia B) Pure motor deficit C) Pure sensory deficit D) Clumsy-hand syndrome Answer: A) Homonymous hemianopia Explanation: TACS is caused by a large ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, affecting major areas of the brain. It is characterized by contralateral motor and/or sensory deficits, higher cortical dysfunction (e.g., aphasia, agnosia), and visual field deficits such as homonymous hemianopia (loss of vision in the same visual field of both eyes).
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Which artery is primarily involved in a stroke leading to Total Anterior Circulation Syndrome (TACS)?
Which artery is primarily involved in a stroke leading to Total Anterior Circulation Syndrome (TACS)?
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In Lacunar Circulation Syndrome (LACS), which of the following is most commonly seen?
In Lacunar Circulation Syndrome (LACS), which of the following is most commonly seen?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Posterior Circulation Syndrome (POCS)?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Posterior Circulation Syndrome (POCS)?
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Stroke affecting the PCA (posterior cerebral artery) can result in which of the following visual deficits?
Stroke affecting the PCA (posterior cerebral artery) can result in which of the following visual deficits?
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Which syndrome is characterized by two out of three symptoms from TACS but with partial vascular involvement (MCA or ACA)?
Which syndrome is characterized by two out of three symptoms from TACS but with partial vascular involvement (MCA or ACA)?
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Which symptom is characteristic of brainstem lesions in stroke?
Which symptom is characteristic of brainstem lesions in stroke?
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Which syndrome is likely to cause cerebellar symptoms like ataxia, staccato speech, and dizziness?
Which syndrome is likely to cause cerebellar symptoms like ataxia, staccato speech, and dizziness?
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In a stroke caused by a small perforating artery, which of the following is most likely?
In a stroke caused by a small perforating artery, which of the following is most likely?
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Which artery is typically involved in Posterior Circulation Syndrome (POCS) leading to brainstem or cerebellar symptoms?
Which artery is typically involved in Posterior Circulation Syndrome (POCS) leading to brainstem or cerebellar symptoms?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of non-fluent (expressive) aphasia?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of non-fluent (expressive) aphasia?
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Which area of the brain is typically involved in fluent (receptive) aphasia?
Which area of the brain is typically involved in fluent (receptive) aphasia?
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Dysarthria, a speech disorder characterized by impaired articulation, can result from dysfunction of which of the following?
Dysarthria, a speech disorder characterized by impaired articulation, can result from dysfunction of which of the following?
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Which of the following is a feature of lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg's syndrome)?
Which of the following is a feature of lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg's syndrome)?
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Which of the following deficits is characteristic of medial medullary syndrome?
Which of the following deficits is characteristic of medial medullary syndrome?
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Which of the following deficits is characteristic of medial medullary syndrome?
Which of the following deficits is characteristic of medial medullary syndrome?
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Which of the following symptoms would you expect in a patient with lateral medullary syndrome affecting the brainstem?
Which of the following symptoms would you expect in a patient with lateral medullary syndrome affecting the brainstem?
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What is the most likely cause of dysphagia and Horner's syndrome in a stroke patient?
What is the most likely cause of dysphagia and Horner's syndrome in a stroke patient?
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Which of the following is a sign of an ipsilateral brainstem lesion in a stroke?
Which of the following is a sign of an ipsilateral brainstem lesion in a stroke?
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A lesion in the vertebral artery would most likely result in which of the following symptoms?
A lesion in the vertebral artery would most likely result in which of the following symptoms?
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In a stroke affecting Broca's area, which of the following would be most impaired?
In a stroke affecting Broca's area, which of the following would be most impaired?
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Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of a TIA or stroke?
A) Sudden unilateral weakness
B) Severe headache
C) Sudden speech disturbance
D) Sudden vision loss in one eye
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of a TIA or stroke? A) Sudden unilateral weakness B) Severe headache C) Sudden speech disturbance D) Sudden vision loss in one eye
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Which of the following should NOT be considered when diagnosing TIA or stroke?
Which of the following should NOT be considered when diagnosing TIA or stroke?
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Which of the following would NOT be suggestive of a TIA or stroke?
Which of the following would NOT be suggestive of a TIA or stroke?
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A patient presents with sudden right-sided weakness and slurred speech. These symptoms are most likely to indicate:
A patient presents with sudden right-sided weakness and slurred speech. These symptoms are most likely to indicate:
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In a patient presenting with a suspected TIA or stroke, what is the most important part of the history to determine eligibility for acute treatments?
In a patient presenting with a suspected TIA or stroke, what is the most important part of the history to determine eligibility for acute treatments?
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Which of the following is characteristic of a TIA affecting the posterior circulation?
Which of the following is characteristic of a TIA affecting the posterior circulation?
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What is the most common duration for symptoms in a TIA?
What is the most common duration for symptoms in a TIA?
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Which symptom would most likely be associated with a stroke affecting the frontal lobe (Broca's area)?
Which symptom would most likely be associated with a stroke affecting the frontal lobe (Broca's area)?
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Which of the following symptoms suggests a posterior circulation stroke involving the brainstem?
Which of the following symptoms suggests a posterior circulation stroke involving the brainstem?
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If a TIA presents with contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation, which tract is most likely affected?
If a TIA presents with contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation, which tract is most likely affected?
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Why is it important to ask whether the patient woke up with their symptoms when assessing for a stroke or TIA?
Why is it important to ask whether the patient woke up with their symptoms when assessing for a stroke or TIA?
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Time of onset of symptoms in a patient presenting with a suspected stroke or TIA is important because:
A) It determines whether the patient has had previous strokes
B) It helps decide eligibility for acute treatments, such as thrombolytics
C) It allows identification of the vascular territory affected
D) It clarifies whether the symptoms are related to metabolic disturbances
Time of onset of symptoms in a patient presenting with a suspected stroke or TIA is important because: A) It determines whether the patient has had previous strokes B) It helps decide eligibility for acute treatments, such as thrombolytics C) It allows identification of the vascular territory affected D) It clarifies whether the symptoms are related to metabolic disturbances
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If a patient presents with multiple and intermittent symptoms, this is most likely to suggest:
If a patient presents with multiple and intermittent symptoms, this is most likely to suggest:
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When assessing a stroke or TIA, the duration of symptoms is crucial. Most TIAs last:
A) Less than 1 minute
B) 5-15 minutes
C) 30-60 minutes
D) Several hours
When assessing a stroke or TIA, the duration of symptoms is crucial. Most TIAs last: A) Less than 1 minute B) 5-15 minutes C) 30-60 minutes D) Several hours
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The presence of loss of consciousness or syncope in a patient with neurological symptoms is most likely to suggest:
A) Stroke or TIA
B) A cardiac event or syncope due to arrhythmia
C) A vestibular disorder
D) A migraine
The presence of loss of consciousness or syncope in a patient with neurological symptoms is most likely to suggest: A) Stroke or TIA B) A cardiac event or syncope due to arrhythmia C) A vestibular disorder D) A migraine
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When taking a history of a suspected stroke or TIA, it is important to expand upon all the symptoms the patient reports because:
When taking a history of a suspected stroke or TIA, it is important to expand upon all the symptoms the patient reports because:
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What does the NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) primarily assess in stroke patients?
What does the NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) primarily assess in stroke patients?
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In the NIHSS assessment, which domain primarily evaluates motor function in stroke patients?
In the NIHSS assessment, which domain primarily evaluates motor function in stroke patients?
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A higher NIHSS score typically indicates:
A) A less severe stroke
B) A more severe stroke with higher disability
C) A stroke involving the posterior circulation
D) A stroke with less functional impairment
A higher NIHSS score typically indicates: A) A less severe stroke B) A more severe stroke with higher disability C) A stroke involving the posterior circulation D) A stroke with less functional impairment
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Which of the following assessments in the NIHSS is primarily focused on language deficits?
Which of the following assessments in the NIHSS is primarily focused on language deficits?
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The NIHSS is particularly useful in assessing strokes in the anterior circulation territory, but it does not assess:
The NIHSS is particularly useful in assessing strokes in the anterior circulation territory, but it does not assess:
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In the NIHSS, a higher score is typically assigned to which of the following? (Select one)
In the NIHSS, a higher score is typically assigned to which of the following? (Select one)
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In a hyperacute stroke setting, what is the primary purpose of using the NIHSS?
In a hyperacute stroke setting, what is the primary purpose of using the NIHSS?
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What is the GOLD standard imaging modality for evaluating a TIA?
What is the GOLD standard imaging modality for evaluating a TIA?
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Which of the following is NOT part of the standard investigation for a TIA?
Which of the following is NOT part of the standard investigation for a TIA?
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Which imaging modality is recommended to assess for potential infarction or previous stroke in a patient presenting with TIA symptoms?
Which imaging modality is recommended to assess for potential infarction or previous stroke in a patient presenting with TIA symptoms?
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In a patient with a suspected TIA, which blood test is crucial to assess for risk factors?
In a patient with a suspected TIA, which blood test is crucial to assess for risk factors?
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What is the primary goal of imaging in the investigation of stroke?
What is the primary goal of imaging in the investigation of stroke?
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Which of the following is used to assess for embolic sources in patients with suspected stroke?
Which of the following is used to assess for embolic sources in patients with suspected stroke?
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In patients with a TIA, which of the following investigations is used to screen for atrial fibrillation as a potential cause?
In patients with a TIA, which of the following investigations is used to screen for atrial fibrillation as a potential cause?
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What should be included in the workup for a TIA regarding the cardiovascular system?
What should be included in the workup for a TIA regarding the cardiovascular system?
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Which investigation is recommended to assess for a potential septal defect, such as a PFO, in a patient with a suspected stroke or TIA?
Which investigation is recommended to assess for a potential septal defect, such as a PFO, in a patient with a suspected stroke or TIA?
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Which of the following is essential in the acute setting for both stroke and TIA to determine treatment options?
Which of the following is essential in the acute setting for both stroke and TIA to determine treatment options?
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What is the primary purpose of a non-contrast CT-brain in a patient presenting with acute stroke symptoms?
What is the primary purpose of a non-contrast CT-brain in a patient presenting with acute stroke symptoms?
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What does a CT-angiogram of the aortic arch to the vertex help identify in an acute stroke presentation?
What does a CT-angiogram of the aortic arch to the vertex help identify in an acute stroke presentation?
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Which of the following investigations is important for screening the patient for thrombolysis eligibility in the acute setting?
Which of the following investigations is important for screening the patient for thrombolysis eligibility in the acute setting?
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What is a contraindication for thrombolysis in ischemic strokes based on coagulation studies?
What is a contraindication for thrombolysis in ischemic strokes based on coagulation studies?
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In a patient presenting with acute right-sided weakness and speech disturbance, when should the stroke team be called?
In a patient presenting with acute right-sided weakness and speech disturbance, when should the stroke team be called?
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In the hyperacute setting, which of the following is an important part of the initial assessment?
In the hyperacute setting, which of the following is an important part of the initial assessment?
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What should be assessed using the NIHSS in a hyperacute stroke presentation?
What should be assessed using the NIHSS in a hyperacute stroke presentation?
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What is the role of a CT-Perfusion scan in the hyperacute stroke setting?
What is the role of a CT-Perfusion scan in the hyperacute stroke setting?
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For a patient with acute stroke symptoms, why is a 12-lead ECG performed?
For a patient with acute stroke symptoms, why is a 12-lead ECG performed?
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Which of the following is an important bedside assessment in the subacute management of ischemic stroke? A) Swallow assessment B) MRI-Brain C) Full neurological examination D) ECG
Which of the following is an important bedside assessment in the subacute management of ischemic stroke? A) Swallow assessment B) MRI-Brain C) Full neurological examination D) ECG
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What is the purpose of using a Holter monitor in the subacute phase of stroke management?
What is the purpose of using a Holter monitor in the subacute phase of stroke management?
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Which of the following blood tests is used to evaluate the risk of stroke recurrence in the subacute phase?
Which of the following blood tests is used to evaluate the risk of stroke recurrence in the subacute phase?
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When is a transthoracic echocardiogram indicated in the subacute management of ischemic stroke?
When is a transthoracic echocardiogram indicated in the subacute management of ischemic stroke?
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What is the role of a transoesophageal echocardiogram in ischemic stroke management? A) To assess for a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or septal defects B) To monitor brain perfusion C) To detect carotid artery stenosis D) To evaluate blood glucose levels
What is the role of a transoesophageal echocardiogram in ischemic stroke management? A) To assess for a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or septal defects B) To monitor brain perfusion C) To detect carotid artery stenosis D) To evaluate blood glucose levels
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What imaging study is considered the gold standard for assessing infarction size in the subacute phase of ischemic stroke?
What imaging study is considered the gold standard for assessing infarction size in the subacute phase of ischemic stroke?
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Which of the following is a contraindication to thrombolysis in ischemic stroke?
Which of the following is a contraindication to thrombolysis in ischemic stroke?
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Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to thrombolysis for ischemic stroke?
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to thrombolysis for ischemic stroke?
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In which of the following scenarios can thrombolysis be administered up to 9 hours from symptom onset?
In which of the following scenarios can thrombolysis be administered up to 9 hours from symptom onset?
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If there is no evidence of blood during a stroke screening, what is the appropriate management?
If there is no evidence of blood during a stroke screening, what is the appropriate management?
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What platelet count is considered an absolute contraindication for thrombolysis in ischemic stroke?
What platelet count is considered an absolute contraindication for thrombolysis in ischemic stroke?
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If a CT-angiogram shows a clot in the left MCA (middle cerebral artery), what is the appropriate treatment if symptoms began less than 24 hours ago?
If a CT-angiogram shows a clot in the left MCA (middle cerebral artery), what is the appropriate treatment if symptoms began less than 24 hours ago?
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For thrombectomy to be considered in a patient with large vessel occlusion, the patient should have a Modified Rankin Scale score of:
For thrombectomy to be considered in a patient with large vessel occlusion, the patient should have a Modified Rankin Scale score of:
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Thrombectomy is indicated for large vessel occlusion if the time from symptom onset is: a) <6 hours, b) <12 hours, c) <24 hours, d) <48 hours.
Thrombectomy is indicated for large vessel occlusion if the time from symptom onset is: a) <6 hours, b) <12 hours, c) <24 hours, d) <48 hours.
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A 60-year-old patient presents with right-sided weakness and aphasia, with symptoms that began 6 hours ago. A CT-angiogram shows a large vessel occlusion in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). The patient has a Modified Rankin Scale score of 1 (independent in daily activities). What is the most appropriate next step in management?
A 60-year-old patient presents with right-sided weakness and aphasia, with symptoms that began 6 hours ago. A CT-angiogram shows a large vessel occlusion in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). The patient has a Modified Rankin Scale score of 1 (independent in daily activities). What is the most appropriate next step in management?
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A 45-year-old patient presents with sudden-onset left-sided weakness and dysarthria. A CT scan shows no evidence of hemorrhage, and a CT-angiogram shows a clot in the left MCA. The patient is outside the 24-hour window from symptom onset. What is the most appropriate management?
A 45-year-old patient presents with sudden-onset left-sided weakness and dysarthria. A CT scan shows no evidence of hemorrhage, and a CT-angiogram shows a clot in the left MCA. The patient is outside the 24-hour window from symptom onset. What is the most appropriate management?
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A 70-year-old patient presents with a history of sudden-onset right hemiplegia and dysphasia. A CT-angiogram reveals a large vessel occlusion in the left MCA. The patient is within 10 hours of symptom onset, but their Modified Rankin Scale score prior to the stroke was 3 (requiring some assistance with daily activities). What is the best management option?
A) Thrombectomy
B) Thrombolysis with tPA
C) Medical management with anticoagulation
D) Supportive care and observation
A 70-year-old patient presents with a history of sudden-onset right hemiplegia and dysphasia. A CT-angiogram reveals a large vessel occlusion in the left MCA. The patient is within 10 hours of symptom onset, but their Modified Rankin Scale score prior to the stroke was 3 (requiring some assistance with daily activities). What is the best management option?
A) Thrombectomy B) Thrombolysis with tPA C) Medical management with anticoagulation D) Supportive care and observation
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A patient presents with acute ischemic stroke and is diagnosed with a left MCA occlusion. The non-contrast CT brain shows no evidence of hemorrhage. The patient receives intravenous tPA within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. What is the next step in management post-thrombolysis?
A patient presents with acute ischemic stroke and is diagnosed with a left MCA occlusion. The non-contrast CT brain shows no evidence of hemorrhage. The patient receives intravenous tPA within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. What is the next step in management post-thrombolysis?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding TIA and stroke?
Which of the following statements is true regarding TIA and stroke?
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A patient with ischemic stroke presents more than 24 hours after symptom onset and a non-contrast CT scan shows no hemorrhage. What is the appropriate initial management for this patient?
A patient with ischemic stroke presents more than 24 hours after symptom onset and a non-contrast CT scan shows no hemorrhage. What is the appropriate initial management for this patient?
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What is the primary difference between a TIA and a stroke?
What is the primary difference between a TIA and a stroke?
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A patient with ischemic stroke is started on aspirin following the absence of hemorrhage on CT at 24 hours. What additional treatment is recommended to stabilize the plaque in this patient?
A patient with ischemic stroke is started on aspirin following the absence of hemorrhage on CT at 24 hours. What additional treatment is recommended to stabilize the plaque in this patient?
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A 70-year-old patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache and left-sided weakness. A non-contrast CT scan of the brain reveals evidence of blood in the left frontal lobe. What is the first step in managing this patient?
A 70-year-old patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache and left-sided weakness. A non-contrast CT scan of the brain reveals evidence of blood in the left frontal lobe. What is the first step in managing this patient?
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Which of the following actions should be taken immediately if a hemorrhagic stroke patient is found to be on anticoagulation therapy?
Which of the following actions should be taken immediately if a hemorrhagic stroke patient is found to be on anticoagulation therapy?
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Which of the following reversal agents is used to reverse the effects of warfarin in a hemorrhagic stroke patient?
Which of the following reversal agents is used to reverse the effects of warfarin in a hemorrhagic stroke patient?
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A patient on heparin therapy presents with a hemorrhagic stroke. What is the most appropriate agent for reversing the effects of heparin?
A patient on heparin therapy presents with a hemorrhagic stroke. What is the most appropriate agent for reversing the effects of heparin?
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Which of the following is used to reverse the effects of Dabigatran in a hemorrhagic stroke patient?
Which of the following is used to reverse the effects of Dabigatran in a hemorrhagic stroke patient?
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In a hemorrhagic stroke patient who is on factor Xa inhibitors, what agent should be used for reversal?
In a hemorrhagic stroke patient who is on factor Xa inhibitors, what agent should be used for reversal?
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A 65-year-old patient with a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) presents with neurological deterioration. A non-contrast CT shows a basal ganglia hemorrhage. What is the next step in management?
A 65-year-old patient with a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) presents with neurological deterioration. A non-contrast CT shows a basal ganglia hemorrhage. What is the next step in management?
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What is the target blood pressure for a patient with hemorrhagic stroke in the acute phase?
What is the target blood pressure for a patient with hemorrhagic stroke in the acute phase?
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Which of the following conditions would make a patient eligible for surgical evacuation of a hemorrhagic stroke hematoma?
Which of the following conditions would make a patient eligible for surgical evacuation of a hemorrhagic stroke hematoma?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason to consider surgical intervention in a hemorrhagic stroke patient?
Which of the following is NOT a reason to consider surgical intervention in a hemorrhagic stroke patient?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason to consider surgical intervention in a hemorrhagic stroke patient?
Which of the following is NOT a reason to consider surgical intervention in a hemorrhagic stroke patient?
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What is the purpose of performing minimally invasive neurosurgery (e.g., neuroendoscopic surgery or stereotactic procedures) in patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage?
What is the purpose of performing minimally invasive neurosurgery (e.g., neuroendoscopic surgery or stereotactic procedures) in patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage?
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In patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage, how is the hematoma evacuated in minimally invasive neurosurgery?
In patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage, how is the hematoma evacuated in minimally invasive neurosurgery?
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Which of the following is part of the multidisciplinary team involved in stroke rehabilitation?
Which of the following is part of the multidisciplinary team involved in stroke rehabilitation?
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What should be optimized in the post-acute management of stroke patients?
What should be optimized in the post-acute management of stroke patients?
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Which of the following is an early complication of stroke? A. Depression B. Contractures C. Aspiration pneumonia D. Post-stroke pain syndrome
Which of the following is an early complication of stroke? A. Depression B. Contractures C. Aspiration pneumonia D. Post-stroke pain syndrome
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What is 'Malignant MCA Syndrome'?
What is 'Malignant MCA Syndrome'?
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What is the typical timeline for the development of malignant MCA syndrome post-stroke?
What is the typical timeline for the development of malignant MCA syndrome post-stroke?
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What are common symptoms of malignant MCA syndrome?
What are common symptoms of malignant MCA syndrome?
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Which of the following is both an early and late complication of stroke?
Which of the following is both an early and late complication of stroke?
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Which risk factors increase the likelihood of developing malignant MCA syndrome?
Which risk factors increase the likelihood of developing malignant MCA syndrome?
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What is the primary benefit of decompressive hemicraniectomy in managing malignant MCA syndrome?
What is the primary benefit of decompressive hemicraniectomy in managing malignant MCA syndrome?
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Within what time frame should decompressive hemicraniectomy ideally be performed for malignant MCA syndrome to reduce mortality?
Within what time frame should decompressive hemicraniectomy ideally be performed for malignant MCA syndrome to reduce mortality?
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What is the purpose of dural opening during a hemicraniectomy for malignant MCA syndrome?
What is the purpose of dural opening during a hemicraniectomy for malignant MCA syndrome?
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In secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke, which intervention is indicated for a patient with atrial fibrillation and a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 3?
In secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke, which intervention is indicated for a patient with atrial fibrillation and a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 3?
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What is the recommended target LDL level for patients on statin therapy following an ischemic stroke?
What is the recommended target LDL level for patients on statin therapy following an ischemic stroke?
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A patient has symptomatic carotid stenosis >70%. What is the recommended intervention?
A patient has symptomatic carotid stenosis >70%. What is the recommended intervention?
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Which of the following is the correct pharmacological management for a patient with sinus rhythm after an ischaemic stroke?
Which of the following is the correct pharmacological management for a patient with sinus rhythm after an ischaemic stroke?
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What does a CHA2DS2-VASc score assess in stroke patients?
What does a CHA2DS2-VASc score assess in stroke patients?
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Which of the following is NOT part of secondary prevention in ischaemic stroke management?
Which of the following is NOT part of secondary prevention in ischaemic stroke management?
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What is the most appropriate management for a 70-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia who presents with sudden right-sided weakness and slurred speech, and has an occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery?
What is the most appropriate management for a 70-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia who presents with sudden right-sided weakness and slurred speech, and has an occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery?
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A 65-year-old female with no significant past medical history presents with acute onset left-sided weakness and speech difficulties lasting for 3 hours. Her blood pressure is 140/85 mmHg. A non-contrast CT brain shows no hemorrhage, and CT angiography reveals no large vessel occlusion. What is the most appropriate acute management?
A 65-year-old female with no significant past medical history presents with acute onset left-sided weakness and speech difficulties lasting for 3 hours. Her blood pressure is 140/85 mmHg. A non-contrast CT brain shows no hemorrhage, and CT angiography reveals no large vessel occlusion. What is the most appropriate acute management?
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A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with sudden right-sided weakness and altered consciousness for 36 hours. His blood pressure is 180/100 mmHg. A CT brain reveals a large infarct in the left MCA territory with no hemorrhage. What is the next best management?
A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with sudden right-sided weakness and altered consciousness for 36 hours. His blood pressure is 180/100 mmHg. A CT brain reveals a large infarct in the left MCA territory with no hemorrhage. What is the next best management?
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A 58-year-old female with atrial fibrillation and a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 4 presents with an ischemic stroke confirmed by imaging. What is the appropriate secondary prevention?
A 58-year-old female with atrial fibrillation and a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 4 presents with an ischemic stroke confirmed by imaging. What is the appropriate secondary prevention?
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What is the primary process responsible for the early improvements seen in patients recovering from a stroke?
What is the primary process responsible for the early improvements seen in patients recovering from a stroke?
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Which of the following is not a mechanism involved in experience-induced neuroplasticity following a stroke?
Which of the following is not a mechanism involved in experience-induced neuroplasticity following a stroke?
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What is the minimum recommended frequency and duration of multidisciplinary therapy for patients with motor recovery goals in stroke rehabilitation?
What is the minimum recommended frequency and duration of multidisciplinary therapy for patients with motor recovery goals in stroke rehabilitation?
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