Thyroid Ultrasound Abnormalities
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Questions and Answers

What is the most important muscle to scan in pediatric patients?

  • Trachea
  • Sternocleidomastoid muscle (correct)
  • Jugular vein
  • Carotid artery

    • What is the typical appearance of the carotid artery on ultrasound?

  • Hypoechoic walls and an echo-free center
  • Hyperechoic walls and a hyperechoic center
  • Hyperechoic walls and an echo-free center (correct)
  • Hypoechoic walls and a hypoechoic center

    • What is the typical appearance of the thyroid gland on transverse ultrasound scans?

  • Rectangular
  • Square
  • Triangular (correct)
  • Circular

    • What is the typical size range for a normal thyroid gland?

    <p>15-20 mm thick, 20-25 mm in width, and 30-50 mm in length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key feature of the jugular vein on ultrasound?

    <p>Lateral position relative to the carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of thyroid enlargement?

    <p>Autoimmune thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ultrasound feature is most suggestive of a benign thyroid adenoma?

    <p>Isoechoic nodule with a halo sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ultrasound features is most concerning for thyroid malignancy?

    <p>Heterogeneous nodule with irregular borders and microcalcifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of thyroid cyst?

    <p>Simple cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key ultrasound feature of autoimmune thyroiditis?

    <p>Diffusely enlarged thyroid gland with hypoechoic parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of a simple renal cyst on ultrasound?

    <p>Spherical or ovoid anechoic lesion with thin, smooth walls and posterior acoustic enhancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common imaging finding in congenital polycystic kidney disease?

    <p>Multiple bilateral renal cysts of varying sizes and complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical ultrasound appearance of a renal angiomyolipoma?

    <p>Hyperechoic solid mass with internal vascularity and absence of acoustic shadowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ultrasound features is suggestive of a hydatid cyst?

    <p>Heterogeneous cystic lesion with thick, irregular walls and internal echoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ultrasound in evaluating focal renal masses?

    <p>To differentiate benign cysts from solid renal neoplasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ultrasound features is suggestive of a complex renal cyst?

    <p>Heterogeneous cystic lesion with thick, irregular walls and internal echoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using ultrasound in evaluating renal lesions?

    <p>It is a radiation-free modality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of a solid renal mass?

    <p>Renal cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ultrasound in evaluating renal cysts?

    <p>To characterize the degree of complexity of the cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ultrasound features is suggestive of a benign renal lesion?

    <p>Anechoic cystic lesion with thin, smooth walls and posterior acoustic enhancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to TI-RADS, what is the risk of malignancy for a TR5 nodule?

    <p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compositions would be classified as TI-RADS 1 (benign)?

    <p>Spongiform nodule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the TI-RADS system, which feature is not used to determine the risk level?

    <p>Size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about cystic thyroid nodules is correct?

    <p>Cystic nodules are classified as TI-RADS 1 and no further evaluation is needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management for a TR3 nodule larger than 2.5 cm?

    <p>Fine needle aspiration (FNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about solid thyroid nodules is incorrect?

    <p>All solid nodules are classified as TI-RADS 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to TI-RADS, which of the following nodules would be classified as benign and require no further evaluation?

    <p>A spongiform nodule with at least 50% tiny cystic components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ultrasound features would contribute to a higher TI-RADS score?

    <p>Irregular margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the TI-RADS system, which of the following nodules would require immediate biopsy?

    <p>A TR5 nodule larger than 5 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mixed cystic and solid thyroid nodules is correct?

    <p>They require further evaluation using TI-RADS features</p> Signup and view all the answers

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