Thyroid Ultrasound Abnormalities
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Questions and Answers

What is the most important muscle to scan in pediatric patients?

  • Trachea
  • Sternocleidomastoid muscle (correct)
  • Jugular vein
  • Carotid artery

What is the typical appearance of the carotid artery on ultrasound?

  • Hypoechoic walls and an echo-free center
  • Hyperechoic walls and a hyperechoic center
  • Hyperechoic walls and an echo-free center (correct)
  • Hypoechoic walls and a hypoechoic center

What is the typical appearance of the thyroid gland on transverse ultrasound scans?

  • Rectangular
  • Square
  • Triangular (correct)
  • Circular

What is the typical size range for a normal thyroid gland?

<p>15-20 mm thick, 20-25 mm in width, and 30-50 mm in length (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of the jugular vein on ultrasound?

<p>Lateral position relative to the carotid artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of thyroid enlargement?

<p>Autoimmune thyroiditis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ultrasound feature is most suggestive of a benign thyroid adenoma?

<p>Isoechoic nodule with a halo sign (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ultrasound features is most concerning for thyroid malignancy?

<p>Heterogeneous nodule with irregular borders and microcalcifications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of thyroid cyst?

<p>Simple cyst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key ultrasound feature of autoimmune thyroiditis?

<p>Diffusely enlarged thyroid gland with hypoechoic parenchyma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of a simple renal cyst on ultrasound?

<p>Spherical or ovoid anechoic lesion with thin, smooth walls and posterior acoustic enhancement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common imaging finding in congenital polycystic kidney disease?

<p>Multiple bilateral renal cysts of varying sizes and complexity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical ultrasound appearance of a renal angiomyolipoma?

<p>Hyperechoic solid mass with internal vascularity and absence of acoustic shadowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ultrasound features is suggestive of a hydatid cyst?

<p>Heterogeneous cystic lesion with thick, irregular walls and internal echoes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ultrasound in evaluating focal renal masses?

<p>To differentiate benign cysts from solid renal neoplasms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ultrasound features is suggestive of a complex renal cyst?

<p>Heterogeneous cystic lesion with thick, irregular walls and internal echoes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using ultrasound in evaluating renal lesions?

<p>It is a radiation-free modality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of a solid renal mass?

<p>Renal cell carcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ultrasound in evaluating renal cysts?

<p>To characterize the degree of complexity of the cyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ultrasound features is suggestive of a benign renal lesion?

<p>Anechoic cystic lesion with thin, smooth walls and posterior acoustic enhancement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to TI-RADS, what is the risk of malignancy for a TR5 nodule?

<p>35% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compositions would be classified as TI-RADS 1 (benign)?

<p>Spongiform nodule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the TI-RADS system, which feature is not used to determine the risk level?

<p>Size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cystic thyroid nodules is correct?

<p>Cystic nodules are classified as TI-RADS 1 and no further evaluation is needed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for a TR3 nodule larger than 2.5 cm?

<p>Fine needle aspiration (FNA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about solid thyroid nodules is incorrect?

<p>All solid nodules are classified as TI-RADS 5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to TI-RADS, which of the following nodules would be classified as benign and require no further evaluation?

<p>A spongiform nodule with at least 50% tiny cystic components (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ultrasound features would contribute to a higher TI-RADS score?

<p>Irregular margins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the TI-RADS system, which of the following nodules would require immediate biopsy?

<p>A TR5 nodule larger than 5 mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mixed cystic and solid thyroid nodules is correct?

<p>They require further evaluation using TI-RADS features (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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