Thyroid Neoplasms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most important environmental risk factor for papillary carcinoma of the thyroid?

  • RET mutations
  • Iodine excess
  • Iodine deficiency (correct)
  • Genetic mutations

Which type of thyroid carcinoma is characterized by mutations in TP53 and has poor prognosis factors such as age >40, extrathyroid extension, and distant metastases?

  • Medullary thyroid carcinoma
  • Anaplastic carcinoma (correct)
  • Papillary carcinoma
  • Follicular carcinoma

Which pathway do the follicular cell–derived malignancies cluster along, downstream of growth factor receptors and RAS?

  • (STAT) pathway
  • (MAP) kinase pathway (correct)
  • PI-3K/AKT pathway
  • (JAK) pathway

What is the most common form of thyroid cancer that presents with painless neck mass and has high 10-year survival rates?

<p>Papillary carcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common thyroid carcinoma?

<p>Papillary carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criteria increase the possibility of a thyroid nodule being malignant?

<p>A history of radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main pathogenesis of toxic adenomas?

<p>TSH receptor (TSHR) and (GNAS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the majority of adenomas derived from?

<p>Follicular epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do most toxic adenomas appear relative to the adjacent normal thyroid gland?

<p>Cold nodules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which thyroid carcinoma is associated with the presence of isolated cervical node metastases that do not significantly influence prognosis?

<p>Papillary carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental factor is most strongly associated with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid?

<p>Ionizing radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of thyroid cancer presents with a painless neck mass and has high 10-year survival rates?

<p>Papillary carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene mutations are specifically associated with familial medullary thyroid carcinomas in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN-2)?

<p>RET (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway do the follicular cell–derived malignancies cluster along, downstream of growth factor receptors and RAS?

<p>(MAP) kinase pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with the majority of adenomas?

<p>Nonfunctional (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of thyroid carcinoma?

<p>Papillary carcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criteria increase the possibility of a thyroid nodule being malignant?

<p>Nodules in very young patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main pathogenesis of toxic adenomas?

<p>TSH receptor (TSHR) and GNAS mutations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic morphology of adenomas?

<p>Well-circumscribed round to oval nodule with thin capsule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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