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Thyroid Hormones Circulation and Conversion Quiz
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Thyroid Hormones Circulation and Conversion Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What autoimmune thyroid disorder results in thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism)?

  • Thyroid cancer
  • Cushing's syndrome
  • Hashimoto’s disease
  • Graves` disease (correct)

    • Which hormone is usually targeted by autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid disorders like Graves` disease and Hashimoto’s disease?

  • PTH
  • FSH
  • TSHR (correct)
  • TRH

    • What characteristic symptom distinguishes Graves` disease from Hashimoto’s disease?

  • Bradycardia
  • Protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos) (correct)
  • Sensitivity to cold
  • Myxedema

    • Which medication for hyperthyroidism emits both gamma rays for diagnostic imaging and beta particles for therapy?

    <p>Radioiodine (131I)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major immunological origin of hypothyroidism, resulting in symptoms like slow speech and mental impairment?

    <p>Autoantibody production against TSHR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Dio2 in relation to thyroid hormones?

    <p>Facilitating access of T3 to the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the metabolic inactivation of T3?

    <p>Dio3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of T3 on heart rate?

    <p>Increases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid hormone receptor is responsible for inducing hypocholesterolemia?

    <p>TRβ1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Resmetirom in relation to thyroid hormone receptors?

    <p>Selective TRβ agonist for NASH treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect can occur upon chronic overdose of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid hormone has a faster onset but shorter duration of action than T4?

    <p>Liothyronine (T3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk associated with chronic overdose of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods can block iodine uptake by the thyroid?

    <p>Cassava root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is liothyronine (T3) generally reserved for treating?

    <p>Myxedema coma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?

    <p>T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of thyroid follicles?

    <p>They contain thick colloid rich in thyroglobulin (TG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is more active and why?

    <p>T3 because it is 3-5-fold more active than T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones inhibit the secretion of TRH and TSH?

    <p>T3 and T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tissue (peripheral) 5`-deiodinase in the thyroid hormone system?

    <p>It converts T4 to T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for iodine (I2) in temporarily inhibiting the release of thyroid hormones?

    <p>It inhibits the release of thyroid hormones by reducing the availability of H2O2 to TPO.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do estrogens and the state of pregnancy have on plasma protein binding of T4?

    <p>They increase plasma protein binding of T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug affects thyroid function by releasing a large amount of iodine?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of strong iodine solution (Lugol solution) and potassium iodide saturated solution (KISS)?

    <p>Preparation of hyperthyroid subjects for surgical resection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does propylthiouracil differ from methimazole in its anti-thyroid activity?

    <p>Propylthiouracil has a faster onset of action than methimazole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deiodinase is responsible for converting T4 to T3?

    <p>Both Dio1 and Dio2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of iodine in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Promotion of thyroid hormones production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thyroperoxidase (TPO) in the production of thyroid hormones?

    <p>It catalyzes the oxidation and incorporation of iodine into TG-incorporated Tyr residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does lithium have on thyroid function?

    <p>Lithium decreases thyroid hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is NOT a thiourylene or thionamide?

    <p>Potassium iodide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the thyroid follicle in thyroid hormone production?

    <p>The thyroid follicle stores thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the storage and release of thyroid hormones different from other hormones?

    <p>Thyroid hormones are stored and released slowly, unlike other hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of propylthiouracil on deiodination?

    <p>Propylthiouracil inhibits Dio1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure-activity relationship of thyroid hormones?

    <p>X must be a nitrogen forming a phenoxy-phenyl pharmacophore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between T4 and T3 in terms of structure?

    <p>T4 has an iodine atom at R5 and T3 has a hydrogen atom at R5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can be used as a substitute for Amiodarone in some cases?

    <p>Dronaderone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of iodine deficiency on Amiodarone-induced thyroid function?

    <p>Iodine deficiency can cause hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the level of free thyroid hormones affect metabolic activity?

    <p>Only free hormones have metabolic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure-activity relationship of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Thyroid hormones have a complex structure with high activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does negative feedback control regulate thyroid hormone production?

    <p>Negative feedback control decreases thyroid hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is propylthiouracil indicated for pregnant hyperthyroid patients during the first trimester?

    <p>Methimazole causes fetal abnormalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is more common with methimazole treatment for Graves' disease?

    <p>Headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of β-blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Decrease exophthalmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is methimazole preferred over propylthiouracil for regular Graves' disease treatment?

    <p>Methimazole requires less frequent dosing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically reduced by β-blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity in hyperthyroid patients?

    <p>Exophthalmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can lead to hypothyroidism by decreasing thyroid hormone secretion?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of estrogens on plasma protein binding of T4?

    <p>Increases binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom might be expected in a patient with amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deiodinase enzyme is responsible for converting T4 to T3?

    <p>Dio1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Amiodarone affect thyroid function in people with normal or slightly high iodine intake?

    <p>Causes hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are β1-selective β-blockers without ISA preferred in certain cases?

    <p>They help control blood glucose levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agents are CONTRAINDICATED in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Agents with ISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are anti-thyroid drugs considered useless in the treatment of Exophthalmos of hyperthyroidism/Thyroid eye disease (TED)?

    <p>There are no thyroid hormone receptors in orbital muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Teprotumumab in treating Thyroid eye disease (TED)?

    <p>It inhibits IGF-1R in the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are β-blockers considered NOT useful in treating Exophthalmos of hyperthyroidism/Thyroid eye disease (TED)?

    <p>There are no β-adrenergic receptors in orbital muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is generally reserved for acute emergencies related to thyroid function?

    <p>Liothyronine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune thyroid disorder results in thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism)?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of Graves' disease?

    <p>Elevated T4 secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication for hyperthyroidism can also be used for diagnostic imaging of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Radioiodine (131I)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food can block iodine uptake by the thyroid, leading to hypothyroidism?

    <p>Cassava root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Slow speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chronic overdose of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune thyroid disorder results in hypothyroidism?

    <p>Hashimoto's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for radioiodine (131I) therapy?

    <p>Pregnant women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a selective TRβ agonist and was recently approved for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NASH-associated liver fibrosis?

    <p>Resmetirom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is targeted by autoantibodies in Graves' disease, leading to thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism)?

    <p>T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone receptor is responsible for inducing hypocholesterolemia by expressing hepatic LDL receptors and reducing apolipoprotein B levels and circulating LDL-cholesterol levels?

    <p>TRβ1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid hormone has a slower onset and longer duration of action compared to T3?

    <p>T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones inhibit the secretion of TRH and TSH?

    <p>T3 and T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is mainly used for the preparation of hyperthyroid subjects for surgical resection of the gland?

    <p>Strong iodine solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used as part of the treatment of severe thyrotoxic crisis or 'thyroid storm'?

    <p>Propylthiouracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication acts faster in reducing the de-iodination of T4 to T3?

    <p>Propylthiouracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used to block the uptake of radioactive iodine into the thyroid in the event of a radiation emergency?

    <p>Potassium iodide (KI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used to reduce the vascularity of the thyroid gland, making it smaller and firmer?

    <p>Strong iodine solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is not chemically related to thiourea and does not have a thiocarbamide (S=C–N) group essential for anti-thyroid activity?

    <p>Levothyroxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used in the treatment of severe thyrotoxic crisis, also known as 'thyroid storm'?

    <p>Propylthiouracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used to inhibit the release of thyroid hormones by temporarily inhibiting the release of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Strong iodine solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used to reduce the de-iodination of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues by inhibiting tissue 5'-deiodinase?

    <p>Propylthiouracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used to inhibit iodination of TG-bound Tyr residues by reducing H2O2 availability to TPO?

    <p>Strong iodine solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of chronic overdose of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune thyroid disorder is characterized by symptoms such as exophthalmos and goiter?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is common in hypothyroidism but not typically seen in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Cold intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid medication is generally reserved for the treatment of acute emergencies like myxedema coma?

    <p>Liothyronine (T3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of iodine deficiency on thyroid hormone synthesis?

    <p>Goiter formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of lithium in affecting thyroid function?

    <p>Decreases thyroid hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for converting T4 to T3 in euthyroid individuals?

    <p>Dio2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Amiodarone on thyroid function in individuals with normal or slightly high iodine intake?

    <p>Causes hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deiodinase enzyme is a plasma membrane protein and is upregulated in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Dio1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom might be observed in a patient with Amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism despite lacking classic symptoms of cardiac stimulation?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication for hyperthyroidism emits both gamma rays for diagnostic imaging and beta particles for therapy?

    <p>Radioiodine (131I)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune thyroid disorder results in thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism)?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used to reduce the de-iodination of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues by inhibiting tissue 5'-deiodinase?

    <p>Propylthiouracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of strong iodine solution (Lugol solution) and potassium iodide saturated solution (KISS)?

    <p>To block the uptake of radioactive iodine into the thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deiodinase enzyme is responsible for converting T4 to T3?

    <p>Deiodinase type 2 (D2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT chemically related to thiourea and does not have a thiocarbamide (S=C–N) group essential for anti-thyroid activity?

    <p>Potassium perchlorate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune thyroid disorder results in hypothyroidism, causing symptoms like slow speech and mental impairment?

    <p>Hashimoto's thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is generally reserved for acute emergencies related to thyroid function, such as severe thyrotoxic crisis or 'thyroid storm'?

    <p>Lugol's iodine solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication for hyperthyroidism emits both gamma rays for diagnostic imaging and beta particles for therapy?

    <p>Radioactive iodine (131I)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically reduced by β-blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity in hyperthyroid patients?

    <p>Exophthalmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used to reduce the de-iodination of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues by inhibiting tissue 5'-deiodinase?

    <p>Iopanoic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agents are CONTRAINDICATED in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Non-selective β-blockers with ISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of T3 on heart rate?

    <p>Increases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom might be expected in a patient with amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid hormone receptor is responsible for inducing hypocholesterolemia by expressing hepatic LDL receptors and reducing apolipoprotein B levels and circulating LDL-cholesterol levels?

    <p>TRβ1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is used as part of the treatment of severe thyrotoxic crisis or 'thyroid storm'?

    <p>Dexamethasone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following autoimmune thyroid disorders results in thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism)?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is targeted by autoantibodies in Graves' disease, leading to thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism)?

    <p>T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication acts faster than methimazole in reducing the de-iodination of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues?

    <p>Propylthiouracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is generally reserved for the acute treatment of thyroid storm?

    <p>Propylthiouracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adult dose of iodine recommended every 24 hours?

    <p>130 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is chemically related to thiourea and has an essential thiocarbamide group for its anti-thyroid activity?

    <p>Propylthiouracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is mainly used for preparing hyperthyroid subjects for surgical gland resection?

    <p>Lugol solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is available over-the-counter for radiation emergencies to block uptake of radioactive iodine into the thyroid?

    <p>Potassium iodide saturated solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does potassium iodide saturated solution impact the thyroid hormone system?

    <p>It promotes thyroid hormone synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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