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Questions and Answers
What is the role of thyroid hormones in metabolism?
What is the role of thyroid hormones in metabolism?
- Increasing basal metabolic rate (correct)
- Regulating hormone synthesis
- Decreasing basal metabolic rate
- Stimulating protein degradation
T4 and T3 are active when bound to carrier proteins.
T4 and T3 are active when bound to carrier proteins.
False (B)
What is the function of thyroid hormones in terms of protein synthesis?
What is the function of thyroid hormones in terms of protein synthesis?
Stimulating protein synthesis
Thyroid hormones increase the use of _______ and _______ for ATP production.
Thyroid hormones increase the use of _______ and _______ for ATP production.
What is the role of thyroid hormones in the development and growth of tissues?
What is the role of thyroid hormones in the development and growth of tissues?
Thyroid hormones decrease cardiac output.
Thyroid hormones decrease cardiac output.
Match the following carrier proteins with their role in thyroid hormone transportation:
Match the following carrier proteins with their role in thyroid hormone transportation:
What is the role of thyroid hormones in lipolysis?
What is the role of thyroid hormones in lipolysis?
Which of the following is regulated by Thyroid Hormone?
Which of the following is regulated by Thyroid Hormone?
TSH stimulates the release of Thyroxine.
TSH stimulates the release of Thyroxine.
What is the primary function of Prolactin?
What is the primary function of Prolactin?
Prolactin is regulated by dopamine, estrogens, and ________________.
Prolactin is regulated by dopamine, estrogens, and ________________.
Match the hormones with their corresponding functions:
Match the hormones with their corresponding functions:
What is the mechanism of TSH regulation?
What is the mechanism of TSH regulation?
What is the role of TRH in the regulation of thyroid hormone secretion?
What is the role of TRH in the regulation of thyroid hormone secretion?
The levels of downstream hormones can stimulate the secretion of upstream hormones.
The levels of downstream hormones can stimulate the secretion of upstream hormones.
What is the role of thyroid hormones in the body?
What is the role of thyroid hormones in the body?
The half-life of water-soluble hormones is typically _______________________.
The half-life of water-soluble hormones is typically _______________________.
Match the following hormones with their site of metabolism:
Match the following hormones with their site of metabolism:
What is the role of TSH in the regulation of thyroid hormone secretion?
What is the role of TSH in the regulation of thyroid hormone secretion?
Most hormones are protein-bound in the bloodstream.
Most hormones are protein-bound in the bloodstream.
What is the function of the negative feedback loop in the regulation of hormone secretion?
What is the function of the negative feedback loop in the regulation of hormone secretion?
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Study Notes
Thyroid Hormones
- Thyroid hormones play an essential role in metabolism and are used by all cell types in the body
- Biological roles:
- Increase basal metabolic rate
- Increase number of mitochondria (except in brain, spleen, and testes)
- Stimulate synthesis of Na+/K+ ATPase
- Increase body temperature
- Stimulate protein synthesis
- Increase use of glucose and fatty acid for ATP production
- Stimulate lipolysis
- Increase cardiac output
- Enhance actions of catecholamines
- Regulate development and growth of nervous tissue and bones
Carrier Proteins
- Thyroid hormones are lipid-soluble and must travel through the bloodstream on carrier proteins
- 3 key carrier proteins:
- Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
- Transthyretin
- Albumin
Thyroid Hormone Regulation
- T4 and T3 are inactive when bound to carrier proteins
- Active T4 and T3 referred to as “free T4” and “free T3” (fraction not bound to carrier proteins)
- Free T4 and T3 trigger thyroid gland to release Thyroxine, regulating:
- Weight
- Energy levels
- Internal temperature
- Metabolism
- And more…
Negative Feedback
- Upon increased thyroid hormone, synthesis and release of TSH is inhibited
- Example of negative feedback loop: TRH stimulates the pituitary gland to release TSH, which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
Prolactin Regulation
- Prolactin stimulates lactation
- Regulated by:
- Prolactin-inhibiting peptides
- Dopamine (primary control)
- Estrogens
- Infant suckling at breast (neuronal)
Hormone Removal
- Hormones are removed from the body through:
- Degradation by intracellular enzymes
- Excretion by kidneys or liver
- Half-life varies from a few seconds to a week
- Water-soluble hormones are rapidly removed by kidneys and have the shortest half-life
- Lipid-soluble hormones are metabolized by the liver and have a longer half-life
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