Biochemistry of thyrocytes

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What are the two thyroid hormones and which one is the active form?

The two thyroid hormones are triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). T3 is the active form.

What is the role of deiodinases in thyroid hormone function?

Deiodinases convert the inactive T4 to the active T3 form.

What is the name of the transporter that allows iodide ions to enter the follicular cells of the thyroid gland?

The transporter is called the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS).

What is the function of thyroperoxidase in the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Thyroperoxidase oxidizes iodide ions to form iodine molecules, which are then used to iodinate tyrosine residues on the thyroglobulin protein. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary protein that binds to T3 and T4 in the plasma?

The primary protein that binds to T3 and T4 in the plasma is thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the transporter used by the thyroid gland to take up iodide ions from the plasma?

The thyroid gland uses the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) to take up iodide ions from the plasma. Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme oxidizes iodide ions to form iodine molecules in the colloid space?

The enzyme thyroperoxidase oxidizes iodide ions to form iodine molecules in the colloid space. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the endocytic receptor located in the apical membrane of follicular cells that binds iodinated thyroglobulin?

The endocytic receptor located in the apical membrane of follicular cells that binds iodinated thyroglobulin is called megalin. Signup and view all the answers