24 Questions
What is the primary cause of goiter formation in Graves' disease?
Autoimmune production of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin
What is the purpose of measuring free thyroid hormone in the blood?
To get an accurate measurement of thyroid hormone levels, especially in pregnant females
What is the role of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) in Graves' disease?
It binds to TSH receptors, leading to overstimulation of the thyroid gland
What is the effect of estrogen on thyroid hormone levels in pregnant females?
It increases the levels of thyroid-binding globulin (TBG)
What is the mechanism of action of carbimazole in treating hyperthyroidism?
It decreases the production of thyroid hormones
What is the significance of thyroid antibody tests in diagnosing hyperthyroidism?
They detect the presence of thyroid antibodies
What is the primary symptom experienced by Nazdar, the 37-year-old telesales operator?
Fatigue and lethargy
What is the purpose of a thyroid scan in investigating hyperthyroidism?
To visualize the thyroid gland
What is the most likely condition associated with Nazdar's symptoms and examination findings?
Hypothyroidism
What laboratory test result is typically elevated in hypothyroidism?
TSH
Nazdar's pulse of 58 bpm is considered what medical condition?
Bradycardia
Why is TSH level high in primary hypothyroidism?
The thyroid gland can't make enough thyroid hormones
What is a common symptom of the thyroid gland being dysfunctional initially not showing symptoms?
Symptoms develop gradually over several months
What physical characteristic noted in the examination aligns with hypothyroidism?
Very thin, dry hair
What does a decreased level of free T4 indicate?
Hypothyroidism
Why might Nazdar's thyroid gland be enlarged despite secreting less hormone?
Increased TSH prompts thyroid growth
What symptom did Nashmil notice that caused her embarrassment?
Sweating under her arms
What did Nashmil’s mother notice about her appearance?
She looks gaunt
Which symptom is NOT mentioned in Nashmil's description?
Headache
What was Nashmil’s heart rate during the clinical examination?
105 bpm
What laboratory test is the most sensitive screening test for thyroid function?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
What condition can exhibit symptoms of a strong pulse and difficulty sitting still?
Hyperthyroidism
How much weight did Nashmil lose over the last three months?
6.5 kg
Why would you expect Nashmil's TSH level to be low?
Because of hyperthyroidism
This quiz is based on a case study of a 20-year-old university student named Nashmil, who is experiencing symptoms related to thyroid function. Analyze the situation and identify the potential thyroid-related issues.
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